dental final exam

puppies have _____ teeth and adult dogs have _____ teeth

28; 42

what is the hardest substance in the body?

enamel

dentin is produced by

ondontoblasts

in the dental formulas, primary teeth are indicated by

lowercase letters

the tooth is held into the alveolus by the

periodontal ligament

a class ___ occlusion is said to occur when the mandible is shorter than normal

II

inflammation of the gingiva is called

gingivitis

maxillary brachygnathism is caused by a ______ maxilla

shortened

______ will normally resist staining, but _____ will stain easily due to it being porous

enamel, dentin

a slab fracture is the most common fracture of the 4th premolar

true

explorers, periodontal probes, calculus removal forceps, and curettes are all examples of

hand instruments

t/f: scalers have 2 sharp sides and a sharp tip

false

scalers should not be used ________ because they could damage the gingiva and the periodontal ligaments

subgingivally

t/f: the cutting edge is the working portion of the scaler

true

t/f: used burs do not have to be treated as sharps

false

this instrument is used for quick removal of large pieces of calculus

calculus forceps

a ____ blade will not reflect light, and a _____ blade will reflect light

sharp; dull

an acquired pellicle is classified as

an acellular film composed of salivary glycoproteins that closely and firmly adhere to the oral cavity

t/f: the amount of plaque and calculus will always correspond to the degree of periodontal disease that is present in a patient

false

stage 4 periodontal disease is classified by

probing and radiographic signs of attachment loss >50%

severe pocket depth or recession

bleeds easily on probing

pus, bone loss, mobility

why is epinephrine sometimes added to bupivacaine?

to decrease the chance of toxicity and counteract vasodilation

t/f: when talking about local anesthetic agents, bupivacaine at a concentration of 0.5% is the drug of choice

true

as a rule of thumb, to avoid creating toxicity with a local anesthetic, one should not exceed __mg/kg in cats and dogs

2

the site for a _______ block is dorsal to the distal root of the third maxillary premolar with the needle advanced into the infraorbital foramen

rostral maxillary

when administering a local anesthetic, you should

aspirate to make sure you are not in a vessel

what is the name of the instrument that is used to engage the teeth and raise them from their socket

dental elevators

these are used to grasp the tooth and remove it from its socket

extraction forceps

what type of motion should be used to remove a tooth

rotational

t/f: the easiest method for removal of multirooted teeth is to split them prior to removal

true

the maxillary 4th premolar is a ________ (single/multi rooted)

multi

antibiotics are used as a part of periodontal therapy ____________

in stage 3, 4, and compromised patients

t/f: periodontal therapy is performed on patients with healthy stage I or II periodontal disease, and prophylaxis is performed on patients with stage III or IV periodontal disease

false

what is required to prevent overheating of the teeth and damage to the pulp when using ultrasonic handpieces?

water flow

t/f: radiograph should be taken as part of the prophy

true

client education should begin..

before the procedure is performed

t/f: plaque control is the most important strategy in preventing periodontal disease

true

ideally, how often should a client brush their pets teeth?

everyday

plaque can start to form _____ hours after brushing

6-8

t/f: it is okay for clients to use human toothpaste on their pets

false

when using ultrasonic instruments, tooth damage can occur by

both thermal heating and mechanical etching

This is a chronic granulomatous lesion on the lips of cats. It is usually found on the midline, or slightly to the side of the upper lip; and it is thought that licking may spread it to the limbs , base of tongue, oral cavity. The lesions will be red, well circumscribed and ulcerated; and they are usually treated with steroids.

eosinophilic granuloma

What is the feline condition that causes inflammation of the oral mucosa, including the buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, palate, tongue, floor of the mouth, and gingiva?

stomatitis

What percentage of the domestic feline population has Tooth Resorption?

50-75%

t/f: when treating stomatitis, antibiotics, steroids, NSAIDs, and pain medications are prescribed as rescue therapy

true

What is the most common treatment for Tooth Resorption in cats

extraction

In this stage of tooth resorption, only the enamel is involved in the lesion

1

t/f: the parallel radiographic technique is used when we want to evaluate the caudal mandibular teeth and the nasal cavity.

true

Which radiographic techniques is used when parallel projections cannot be used?

bisecting-angle technique

When taking a radiograph, if the machine head is aimed too directly at the subject, the x-rays could miss the the film/sensor. When this happens, the image will be distorted by....

elongation

When taking a radiograph of the caudal maxillary teeth, the sensor/film must be placed ___________ to the hard palate.

parallel

t/f: blurring of an image is caused movement of the patient or the x-ray machine head.

true

_______ means lacking teeth

edentulous

_________ is abnormal angulation or curve in the root or crown of a tooth.

dilaceration

____________ is when the tooth is formed, but it has not broken through the gum

embedded

t/f: in the rodent, there are two basic teeth types: aradicular hypsodont and brachydont

true

What type of dentition does a rabbit have

diphyodont

If a rabbit has not ingested any food or water in the first ___________ hours after being under anesthesia, hand feeding should be started

4

How long should food and water be withheld from a rodent prior to surgery?

no restriction required

In rabbits, the "peg teeth" are also known as..

maxillary second incisors

What is the most common dental disease in pocket pets?

malocclusion incisors

periodontal disease is present in more than __________% of dogs and cats over 3 years old

80

dental health month is

february

t/f: A smile book can be used as a marketing tool. It is a pictorial description of the dental procedures that are performed in a practice; and it can educate the client in regards to expected outcomes of procedures by including before and after pictures.

true

t/f: Estimate and consent forms cannot be used as marketing tools

false

A dental exam should be done when the patient is __________ to evaluate the occlusion of the teeth and to ensure that all the deciduous teeth have exfoliated .

7-8 months

If a vet told you to record that a horse has supernumerary molars, what does that mean

extra molars

The McPherson oral speculum is the name of the device that is used to hold the mouth of a horse open during a dental.

true

Horses with ___________ are especially prone to oral infections.

cushings

Which of the following best describes the crown type of the horse

hypsodont

t/f: a adult female horse has between 36-44 permanent teeth, including canines. An adult male horse has 44 permanent teeth, ans males usually do not have canines

false