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What was the first livestock animal to be domesticated?
Sheep were the first, with the exception of dogs.
When did sheep domestication begin?
Around 11,000 years ago in Central Asia.
What industry existed as early as 8,000 BC in Asia?
A sheep and wool industry.
By 7,000 BC, how were sheep utilized?
As a consistent source of meat, tallow, skins, and milk.
What significant changes have occurred in sheep since domestication?
Sheep have undergone significant changes in features over the millennia.
What ancient text mentions sheep?
The story of Jason and the Golden Fleece.
Who was described as a shepherd in the biblical story of Cain and Abel?
Abel.
What breed of sheep did the Romans develop?
The Merino sheep.
What contribution did Romans make to wool manufacturing?
Established wool factories in England as early as 500 AD.
How did sheep farming change after the Black Death?
Sheep became a crucial source of food and clothing.
What major economic role did wool play during the Elizabethan Age?
Wool was a major source of wealth.
How were sheep introduced to the United States?
By European colonizers.
What are range flocks characterized by?
Low maintenance and large areas of land.
What type of sheep farming is common in eastern and midwestern US?
Farm flocks.
What is a characteristic of commercial farm flocks?
They produce beef lambs for meat consumption.
What is the significance of high-energy diets for weaned lambs?
They prepare lambs for meat production.
How does lamb consumption differ among communities in the northeastern US?
Jewish and Italian communities consume significant amounts of lamb.
Why has lamb consumption declined in the US?
Due to soldiers' experiences during WWII, who were fed mutton.
What is wool production categorized as?
A significant commodity produced by sheep.
What are the three main systems to grade wool?
American System, Bradford System, Micron System.
What is lanolin?
The natural oil found in wool with healing properties.
Which breed is known for its fine wool and is often used in clothing production?
Merino.
What is the definition of a dual-purpose breed?
Breeds that produce both meat and wool.
What breed of sheep is developed in the US for high production?
Columbia.
What breed of sheep is mainly known for high-quality meat?
Hampshire.
What is a haired sheep?
A breed that does not require shearing due to low wool production.
Which breed of goat is known for high-quality milk production?
Saanen.
What is the typical breeding season for sheep?
Fall, with a gestation period of approximately 148 days.
What device allows breeders to track sheep breeding?
Marking harness.
What is essential for animal nutrition management?
A balanced diet to ensure optimal health.
What are the key nutrients for sheep and goat health?
Minerals, vitamins, and protein.
What defines a farm flock?
A small to medium-sized sheep operation typically found in eastern US.
What is the primary effect of good nutrition on sheep?
Better immune function and overall health.
What year marks a downturn in wool production due to subsidy removal?
What is the primary reason for low lamb consumption in the US?
A significant decline in demand post-WWII.
How do you identify disease-resistant animals?
Observe for reduced susceptibility to parasites or infections.
What is biosecurity?
Measures taken to prevent disease introduction and spread.
What are the two main types of vaccinations?
Modified live vaccines and killed vaccines.
What does 'All In, All Out' management mean?
Moving a group of animals in and out at the same time.
How does mastitis affect dairy production?
It can severely decrease milk production and quality.
What causes milk fever in dairy cows?
A lack of calcium in the blood.
Which breed of dairy cow requires the least labor for milking?
Holstein.
What is the highest milk production breed among dairy cattle?
Holstein, producing 22,000-24,000 lbs of milk.
What is the purpose of sexed semen in dairy farming?
To increase the number of female calves for breeding.
What management practices help improve heifer development?
Group housing and balanced nutrition.
What does the term 'dry period' mean in dairy farming?
The period before calving when the cow is not producing milk.
What is the significance of balanced rations for dairy cows?
It provides all necessary nutrients for optimal health.
Which state is known for the largest population of goats in the US?
Texas.
How do sheep and goats differ in grazing habits?
Goats prefer to browse while sheep prefer to graze.
What is the newborn term for a goat?
Kid.
What do you call a group of goats?
Band.
What is one advantage of raising sheep and goats?
They require less feed than cattle.
How many sheep are in the US?
Approximately 5,200,000.
What type of management can minimize disease risk in livestock?
Closed herds and biosecurity measures.
How does the 2002 Farm Bill affect the hair goat industry?
It removed subsidies for wool and mohair, leading to a decline.
What is the average lamb consumption per person in the US?
Less than 1 pound per year.
What type of grain-based feeding system is used for dairy cows?
A system where cows are fed a diet high in grains, such as corn.
Why is emotional well-being important in livestock management?
It impacts animal productivity and quality of life.
What is a common illness in dairy cows indicated by high somatic cell count?
Mastitis.
What is one feature of the carousel milking system?
Cows are milked in a rotating carousel.
What is the main purpose of using artificial insemination in dairy cattle?
To improve genetics and facilitate breeding.
How can sheep help control weeds on farms?
They graze on different plants than cattle, aiding in invasive species management.
What breed of goat is known for high-quality cheese production?
Saanen.
Why are Angora goats often mistaken for sheep?
Due to their small size and windy coats.
Where are most sheep and goats found in Arkansas?
Northwest corner and the north central part.
What is the role of cooperative agencies in animal health management?
To monitor animal health and implement disease prevention measures.
How can disease outbreaks financially affect farms?
They can lead to high veterinary costs, production loss, and decreased profits.
What do sheep and goats require for effective pasture management?
Proper fencing and rotational grazing practices.
What farming practice allows the easy movement and management of a large number of livestock?
All in, all out system.
Which breed produces mohair fiber?
Angora goat.
What should be monitored to ensure the health of young calves?
Behavior, appetite, and stool consistency.
Which dairy cattle breed has the highest fat percentage in milk?
Jersey.
How does the dairy industry classify milk?
Into different classes based on its intended use.
What type of farming system allows for flexibility in milking times?
Robotic milking system.
What aspect of sheep and goat farming is essential for increased economic viability?
Breeding programs focusing on meat and fiber quality.
Which farming system involves leases from the Bureau of Land Management for grazing?
Migratory range flocks.
What is the most significant risk associated with high milk production in dairy cows?
Milk fever, due to calcium deficiency.
What is the goal of food safety in milk production?
To prevent contamination and ensure quality for consumers.
What happens to lambs after weaning in feedlots?
They are put on high-energy diets for meat production.
Which Virginia breed is known for hardiness and milk production?
Holstein.
Which management practice would help detect disease early in livestock?
Daily animal checks.
What can improper disposal of carcasses lead to?
Spread of disease and contamination of land.
Why is the study of sheep and goat genetics important?
To improve resistance to diseases and overall productivity.
What sets the breeding seasons of sheep apart from other livestock?
They are seasonally polyestrous, breeding in the fall.
What factor affects the overall health and productivity of dairy herds?
Calving season management.
What adaptations allow goats to thrive in different environments?
Their hardiness and ability to browse diverse forages.
How do sheep and goats contribute to sustainable agriculture?
By maintaining land health through grazing and brush control.
What dietary needs are amplified during a sheep's lactation period?
Increased caloric needs for milk production.
What is an essential feature of milking systems designed for dairy cows?
Efficient milk extraction to maximize production.
In sheep farming, what does 'triplets' refer to?
A common occurrence where a ewe gives birth to three lambs.
What is the role of veterinary care in livestock management?
To prevent disease and promote overall health.
How does sheep farming adapt to environmental conditions?
By employing techniques such as migratory grazing.
What is a key factor in sheep wool production management?
Maintaining herd health and nutrition.
What is the expected milk production range for Jersey cows?
12,000-14,000 lbs.
How is milk safety ensured during production?
By adhering to sanitary health standards regulated by health departments.
What happens to the nutritional needs of dairy cows during dry periods?
They require a forage-based diet during this time.
What is the correlation between nutrition and disease prevention in livestock?
Good nutrition enhances immune function and disease resistance.
What is the common term for sheep and goats in agricultural contexts?
Small ruminants.
What is the general arrangement for animal housing during the early stages of calves?
Calves are housed individually to prevent disease spread.
What is the significance of ethical treatment and welfare in livestock operations?
It affects productivity and consumer perceptions.
