Anatomy and Terminology Exam C

Hemophilia:

Hereditary condition in which the patient lacks one or more of the blood’s normal clotting factor

Diabetic Ketoacidosis:

Form of hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available

Symptomatic hyperglycemia:

State of unconsciousness resulting from several problems, including ketoacidosis, dehydration because of excessive urination, and hyperglycemia

Sickle Cell Disease:

Hereditary disease that causes normal, round red blood cells to become oblong, or sickle shaped

Polydipsia:

Excessive thirst that persists for long periods despite reasonable fluid intake; often the result of excessive urination

Polyphagia:

Excessive eating; in diabetes, the inability to use glucose properly can cause a sense of hunger

Kussmal Respirations:

Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin is not available in the body

Thrombosis:

Blood clot, either in the arterial or venous system

Urticaria:

Small areas of generalized itching and/or burning that appear as multiple raised areas on the skin; hives

Angioedema:

Localized areas of swelling beneath the skin, often around the eyes and lips, but can also involve other body areas

Leukotrines:

Chemical substances that contribute to anaphylaxis; released by the immune system in allergic reactions

Histamines:

Chemical substances released by the immune system in allergic reactions that are responsible for many of the symptoms of anaphylaxis, vasodilation

Stridor:

Harsh, high-pitched respiratory sounds, generally heard during inspiration, that is caused by partial blockage or narrowing of the upper airway; may be audible without a stethoscope

Wheezing:

High-pitched, whistling breath sound that is most prominent on expiration and which suggest an obstruction or narrowing of the lower airways; occurs in asthma and bronchiolitis

Addiction:

State of overwhelming obsession of physical need to continue the use of a substance

Overdose:

Excessive quantity of a drug that, when taken or administered, can have toxic or lethal consequences

Tolerance:

Need for increasing amounts of a drug to obtain the same effect

Substance Abuse:

Misuse of any substance to a produce a desired effect

Narcotic:

Drug that produces sleep or altered mental consciousness

Sedative:

Substance that decreases activity and excitement

Toxin:

Poison or harmful substance

Poison:

Substance whose chemical action could damage structures or impair function when introduced into the body

Functional Disorder:

Disorder in which there is no known physiologic reason for the abnormal functioning of an organ or organ system

Organic Brain Syndrome:

Temporary or permanent dysfunction of the brain, caused by disturbance in the physical or physiological functioning brain tissues

Excited Delirium:

Serious behavioral condition in which a person exhibits agitated behavioral combined with disorientation, hallucinations, or delusions; also called agitated delirium or exhaustive mania

Schizophrenia:

Complex, difficult to identify mental disorder whose onset typically occurs during early adulthood. Symptoms typically become more prominent over time and include delusions, hallucinations, lack of interest in pleasure, and erratic speech

Psychosis:

Mental disorder characterized by the loss of contact with reality

Altered Mental Status:

Change in the way a person thinks and behaves that may signal disease in the CNS or elsewhere in the body

Bacterial Vaginosis:

Overgrowth of bacteria in the vagina; characterized by itching, burning, pain, possible “fishy” smelling discharge

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease:

Infection of the fallopian tubes and the surrounding tissues of the pelvis

Vagina:

Outermost cavity of a women’s reproductive tract; lower part of birth canal

Uterus:

Muscular organ where the fetus grows; responsible for contractions for labor

Blunt Trauma:

An impact on the body by objects that cause injury without penetrating soft tissues or internal organs and cavities

Profile:

Projectile:

Object propelled by force, such as a bullet by a weapon

Cavitation:

Phenomenon in which speed causes a bullet to generate pressure waves, which causes damage distant from the bullet’s path

Trajectory:

Path a projectile takes once it is propelled

Potential Energy:

Product of mass, gravity, and height, which is converted into kinetic energy and results in injury, such as a fall

Index of Suspicion:

Awareness that unseen life-threatening injuries may exist when determining the MOI

Hemoptysis:

Coughing up blood

Hemorrhage:

bleeding

Hemostatic Dressing:

Dressed impregnated with a chemical compounds that slows or stops bleeding by assisting with clot formation

Pelvic Binder:

Device to splint the bony pelvis to reduce hemorrhage from bond ends, venous disruption, and pain

Shock:

Condition in which the circulatory systems fails to provide sufficient circulation to maintain normal cellular functions; also called hypoperfusion

Perfusion:

Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the current needs of the cell

Artery:

Blood vessel, three layers of tissue and smooth muscle, carries blood away from heart

Vein:

Blood vessel carry blood from tissues to heart

Full thickness burn (third degree):

Burns that affect all skin layers and may affect the subcutaneous layers, muscles, bone, and internal organs, leaving the area dry, leathery, and white, dark brown, or charred

Partial thickness burn (second degree):

Burns that affect the epidermis and some portion of the dermis but not the subcutaneous tissues, characterized by blisters and skin that is white to red, moist, and mottled

Flash Burn:

Buns caused by exposure to very intense heat, such as explosion

Flame Burn:

Burn caused by open flame

Avulsion:

Injury in which soft tissue is torn completely loose or is hanging as a flap

Amputation:

Injury in which part of the body is completely severed

Evisceration:

Displacement of organs outside the body

Incision:

Sharp, smooth cut in the skin

Cornea:

Transparent tissue layer in front of the pupil and iris of the eye

Lens:

Transparent part of the eye through which images are focused on the retina

Anisocoria:

Naturally occurring uneven pupil size

External Auditory Canal:

Ear canal; leads to tympanic membrane

Pinna:

External, visible part of the ear

Eustachian Tube:

Tube that connects the middle ear to the oropharynx

Traumatic Brain Injury:

Traumatic insult to the brain capable of producing physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and vocational changes

Coup-contrecoup injury:

Brain injury that occurs when force is applied to the head and energy transmission through brain tissues causes injury on the opposite side of original impact

Epidural hematoma:

Accumulation of blood between the skull and dura mater

Subdural hematoma:

Accumulation of blood beneath the dura mater but outside the brain

Primary (direct) injury:

Injury to the brain and its associated structures that is a direct result of impact to the head

Secondary (indirect) injury:

Aftereffects of the primary injury; includes abnormal processes such as cerebral edema, increased intracranial pressure, cerebral ischemia and hypoxia, and infection; onset is often delayed following the primary brain injury