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Hemophilia:
Hereditary condition in which the patient lacks one or more of the blood’s normal clotting factor
Diabetic Ketoacidosis:
Form of hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available
Symptomatic hyperglycemia:
State of unconsciousness resulting from several problems, including ketoacidosis, dehydration because of excessive urination, and hyperglycemia
Sickle Cell Disease:
Hereditary disease that causes normal, round red blood cells to become oblong, or sickle shaped
Polydipsia:
Excessive thirst that persists for long periods despite reasonable fluid intake; often the result of excessive urination
Polyphagia:
Excessive eating; in diabetes, the inability to use glucose properly can cause a sense of hunger
Kussmal Respirations:
Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin is not available in the body
Thrombosis:
Blood clot, either in the arterial or venous system
Urticaria:
Small areas of generalized itching and/or burning that appear as multiple raised areas on the skin; hives
Angioedema:
Localized areas of swelling beneath the skin, often around the eyes and lips, but can also involve other body areas
Leukotrines:
Chemical substances that contribute to anaphylaxis; released by the immune system in allergic reactions
Histamines:
Chemical substances released by the immune system in allergic reactions that are responsible for many of the symptoms of anaphylaxis, vasodilation
Stridor:
Harsh, high-pitched respiratory sounds, generally heard during inspiration, that is caused by partial blockage or narrowing of the upper airway; may be audible without a stethoscope
Wheezing:
High-pitched, whistling breath sound that is most prominent on expiration and which suggest an obstruction or narrowing of the lower airways; occurs in asthma and bronchiolitis
Addiction:
State of overwhelming obsession of physical need to continue the use of a substance
Overdose:
Excessive quantity of a drug that, when taken or administered, can have toxic or lethal consequences
Tolerance:
Need for increasing amounts of a drug to obtain the same effect
Substance Abuse:
Misuse of any substance to a produce a desired effect
Narcotic:
Drug that produces sleep or altered mental consciousness
Sedative:
Substance that decreases activity and excitement
Toxin:
Poison or harmful substance
Poison:
Substance whose chemical action could damage structures or impair function when introduced into the body
Functional Disorder:
Disorder in which there is no known physiologic reason for the abnormal functioning of an organ or organ system
Organic Brain Syndrome:
Temporary or permanent dysfunction of the brain, caused by disturbance in the physical or physiological functioning brain tissues
Excited Delirium:
Serious behavioral condition in which a person exhibits agitated behavioral combined with disorientation, hallucinations, or delusions; also called agitated delirium or exhaustive mania
Schizophrenia:
Complex, difficult to identify mental disorder whose onset typically occurs during early adulthood. Symptoms typically become more prominent over time and include delusions, hallucinations, lack of interest in pleasure, and erratic speech
Psychosis:
Mental disorder characterized by the loss of contact with reality
Altered Mental Status:
Change in the way a person thinks and behaves that may signal disease in the CNS or elsewhere in the body
Bacterial Vaginosis:
Overgrowth of bacteria in the vagina; characterized by itching, burning, pain, possible “fishy” smelling discharge
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease:
Infection of the fallopian tubes and the surrounding tissues of the pelvis
Vagina:
Outermost cavity of a women’s reproductive tract; lower part of birth canal
Uterus:
Muscular organ where the fetus grows; responsible for contractions for labor
Blunt Trauma:
An impact on the body by objects that cause injury without penetrating soft tissues or internal organs and cavities
Profile:
Projectile:
Object propelled by force, such as a bullet by a weapon
Cavitation:
Phenomenon in which speed causes a bullet to generate pressure waves, which causes damage distant from the bullet’s path
Trajectory:
Path a projectile takes once it is propelled
Potential Energy:
Product of mass, gravity, and height, which is converted into kinetic energy and results in injury, such as a fall
Index of Suspicion:
Awareness that unseen life-threatening injuries may exist when determining the MOI
Hemoptysis:
Coughing up blood
Hemorrhage:
bleeding
Hemostatic Dressing:
Dressed impregnated with a chemical compounds that slows or stops bleeding by assisting with clot formation
Pelvic Binder:
Device to splint the bony pelvis to reduce hemorrhage from bond ends, venous disruption, and pain
Shock:
Condition in which the circulatory systems fails to provide sufficient circulation to maintain normal cellular functions; also called hypoperfusion
Perfusion:
Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the current needs of the cell
Artery:
Blood vessel, three layers of tissue and smooth muscle, carries blood away from heart
Vein:
Blood vessel carry blood from tissues to heart
Full thickness burn (third degree):
Burns that affect all skin layers and may affect the subcutaneous layers, muscles, bone, and internal organs, leaving the area dry, leathery, and white, dark brown, or charred
Partial thickness burn (second degree):
Burns that affect the epidermis and some portion of the dermis but not the subcutaneous tissues, characterized by blisters and skin that is white to red, moist, and mottled
Flash Burn:
Buns caused by exposure to very intense heat, such as explosion
Flame Burn:
Burn caused by open flame
Avulsion:
Injury in which soft tissue is torn completely loose or is hanging as a flap
Amputation:
Injury in which part of the body is completely severed
Evisceration:
Displacement of organs outside the body
Incision:
Sharp, smooth cut in the skin
Cornea:
Transparent tissue layer in front of the pupil and iris of the eye
Lens:
Transparent part of the eye through which images are focused on the retina
Anisocoria:
Naturally occurring uneven pupil size
External Auditory Canal:
Ear canal; leads to tympanic membrane
Pinna:
External, visible part of the ear
Eustachian Tube:
Tube that connects the middle ear to the oropharynx
Traumatic Brain Injury:
Traumatic insult to the brain capable of producing physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and vocational changes
Coup-contrecoup injury:
Brain injury that occurs when force is applied to the head and energy transmission through brain tissues causes injury on the opposite side of original impact
Epidural hematoma:
Accumulation of blood between the skull and dura mater
Subdural hematoma:
Accumulation of blood beneath the dura mater but outside the brain
Primary (direct) injury:
Injury to the brain and its associated structures that is a direct result of impact to the head
Secondary (indirect) injury:
Aftereffects of the primary injury; includes abnormal processes such as cerebral edema, increased intracranial pressure, cerebral ischemia and hypoxia, and infection; onset is often delayed following the primary brain injury