Honors World History: Unit 8

What were the main political causes of imperialism?

Political causes of imperialism included nationalism, competition among European powers, and the desire for military bases.

What economic factors contributed to imperialism?

Economic factors included the need for new markets, access to raw materials, and financial investments.

How did social factors influence imperialism?

Social factors included the belief in cultural superiority, the spread of Christianity, and social darwinism.

What role did technology play in the spread of imperialism?

Technological advancements in transportation and communication, such as steamships and the telegraph, facilitated exploration and control.

What are some characteristics of imperial rule?

Characteristics included direct or indirect control, exploitation of resources, and cultural assimilation.

Why did European contact with Africa increase during this period?

Contact increased due to the demand for raw materials, trade opportunities, and exploration.

How did European nations carve up Africa?

European nations carved up Africa through treaties, negotiations, and military conquest during the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885.

What forms did African resistance to imperialism take?

African resistance included military confrontations, uprisings, and the establishment of nationalist movements.

What challenges faced the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century?

Challenges included territorial losses, internal strife, and pressure from European powers.

How did Egypt attempt to modernize in the 19th century?

Egypt modernized by building the Suez Canal, reforming the military, and adopting Western technologies.

What contributed to the rise of nationalism during imperialism?

Nationalism fueled competition among nations.

What role did technology play in imperialism?

Enabled exploration and military control.

What characterized direct imperial rule?

Direct political control and administration.

Why did Europeans need raw materials?

To fuel industrial economies and production.

What triggered increased European contact with Africa?

Demand for resources and trade routes.

What was one outcome of the Berlin Conference?

Africa's division among European powers.

What tactics did Africans use to resist imperialism?

Military confrontations, uprisings, and alliances.

What major challenge faced the Ottoman Empire?

Territorial losses and internal dissent.

How did Egypt modernize in the 19th century?

Building the Suez Canal and reforms.

What was the impact of British rule on Indian society?

Economic exploitation and cultural change.

What were the political causes of imperialism?

Nationalism and competition among powers.

What economic reasons drove imperialism?

Need for new markets and resources.

How did social factors impact imperialism?

Belief in cultural superiority and social Darwinism.

What role did technology play in imperialism?

Facilitated exploration and military control.

What characterized imperial rule?

Direct or indirect control and exploitation.

Why did European contact with Africa increase?

Demand for raw materials and trade.

How did Europeans carve up Africa?

Through treaties, negotiations, and conquests.

What forms did African resistance take?

Military confrontations and nationalist movements.

What internal challenges faced the Ottoman Empire?

Territorial losses and internal strife.

How did Egypt modernize?

By building the Suez Canal and reforms.

What was the significance of the Uprising of 1857?

It sparked resentment and mistrust in India.

How did British rule affect India?

Economic exploitation and cultural transformation.

What fueled Indian nationalism?

Impact of British policies and education.

How did Europe build colonies in Southeast Asia?

Through military force and treaties.

How did imperialism spread to the Pacific islands?

Through annexation and colonization efforts.

How did Australia achieve self-rule?

Gradual self-governance granted by Britain.

What is Usman dan Fodio known for?

Leading a revolt for a Muslim state.

Who was Shaka Zulu?

Chief and founder of Zulu nation.

What does paternalistic governance mean?

Fatherly control and oversight of a region.

What did David Livingston contribute to Africa?

Explorer inspiring positive attitudes toward Africa.

Who was Henry Stanley?

Explorer who rescued Livingston in Africa.

What was Leopold II's role in Africa?

King of Belgium controlling the Congo.

What was the Boer War about?

Conflict where Britain defeated Boer settlers.

Who was Samori Toure?

Muslim leader fighting against French expansion.

What did Yaa Asantewaa do?

Led the Asante revolt against British.

Who was Menelik II?

Ethiopian emperor resisting Italian invasion.

What does the term 'elite' refer to?

The upper class or ruling group.

What development occurred in South Africa?

Zulus experienced effects of Zulu wars.

What situation arose in North Africa?

Weakening Ottoman Empire ruling over natives.

What major changes happened in West Africa?

Islamic leaders improved trade and agriculture.

What characteristic defined East Africa in 1800s?

Remained a world trade center.

What helped Europeans claim Africa by 1900?

Medical advancements and steamship technology.

How did explorers and missionaries impact Africa?

Established schools and clinics, plus biases.

Why were Africans excluded from the Berlin Conference?

Conflicts of interest in territorial claims.

How did Africans resist imperialism?

Fought European invaders; some succeeded.

What is sati?

Widow’s ritual suicide by fire.

What is a sepoy?

Indian soldier in British armies.

Who ruled colonies on behalf of Spain?

Viceroy governed on Spanish king's behalf.

What does deforestation mean?

Destruction and clearing of forests.

Who was Ram Mohun Roy?

Founder of Indian nationalism movement.

What is purdah?

Isolating women in separate quarters.

What resulted from the Uprising of 1857?

Legacy of fear and mistrust persisted.

What was a key rule angering sepoys?

Rifles used animal-fat coated cartridges.

Who benefited most from British rule in India?

Upper class gained the most benefits.

How did Ram Mohun Roy view the British?

Recognized modernization while valuing traditions.

How did British rule affect Indian nationalism?

Forced unity through common adversity and language.

What is French Indochina?

French colonial holdings in Southeast Asia.

Who was King Mongkut?

Buddhist king who modernized Siam.

What initiated the Spanish-American War?

Conflict for Cuban independence from Spain.

Who was Liliuokalani?

Last sovereign queen of Hawaii.

What does indigenous mean?

Native inhabitants of a region.

What is a penal colony?

Place where criminals are sent.

Who are the Maori?

Indigenous people of New Zealand.