Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism

These flashcards cover key concepts related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, digestion, absorption, and the nuances of normal eating behavior.

What are the two main types of carbohydrate absorption methods?

Glucose and galactose are absorbed by active transport, while fructose is absorbed by facilitated transport.

What causes lactose intolerance?

A deficiency in lactase.

What is the role of bile salts in lipid digestion?

Bile salts emulsify fat, making it soluble.

How are chylomicrons processed after lipid absorption?

Chylomicrons are too large to cross the capillary wall directly and are absorbed into the lymphatic system, then they re-enter circulation via the thoracic duct.

What nutrients come in from the ileum at the ileocecal valve?

Ileal chyme, which includes unabsorbed nutrients, hormones, chemical messengers, soluble fiber, microbes, and excretion products from the liver.

What happens in the large intestine regarding water and simple ions?

The colonic epithelium absorbs water and simple ions like sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium.

What is hedonic hunger?

The drive to eat to obtain pleasure in the absence of an energy deficit.

What characterizes normal eating according to Ellyn Satter?

Normal eating is flexible and varies in response to hunger, schedule, food, and feelings.

What are the end products of fermentation produced by resident microbes in the large intestine?

Short-chain fatty acids.

What does carbohydrate metabolism involve?

The breakdown and absorption of carbohydrates through various enzymes, leading to glucose.