Rizal’s Life and Works 1 & RA 1425 – Key Concepts (Notes Summary)

A comprehensive set of Q&A flashcards covering RA 1425, Rizal Law provisions, key figures, Rizal’s birth and family background, education, early influences, and major life events described in the notes.

What are the four types of heroes listed in Rizal’s Life and Works 1?

Epic Hero; Tragic Hero; Anti-Hero; Superhero Hero.

What is Republic Act 1425 commonly known as?

Rizal Law, an act to include courses on the life, works, and writings of Jose Rizal in curricula.

What does RA 1425 require of students in colleges and universities?

To study the life, works, and writings of Jose Rizal, especially Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.

What does RA 1425 require regarding copies of Rizal’s works in libraries?

Colleges and universities must have sufficient and uncensored copies of Rizal’s works.

What does RA 1425 stipulate about translations and distribution of Rizal’s works?

Translation and publication of Rizal’s works into English and other dialects; distribution through Purok organizations.

What does RA 1425 say about discussing Rizal’s ideas in public learning institutions?

Discussion of Rizal’s ideas must not violate the state’s ban on discussion of religious beliefs in public institutions.

What is the monetary appropriation component of RA 1425?

An appropriation of 300,000 for the publication of popular and cheap editions of Rizal’s works.

Who was the main proponent of the Rizal Bill?

Senator Claro M. Recto.

Which senator co-wrote the Rizal Law and is mentioned in the notes?

Jose P. Laurel.

What are the three main aims of the Rizal Law as described in the notes?

Rededicate youth to freedom and nationalism; pay tribute to Rizal for shaping Filipino character; inspire patriotism through Rizal’s life and writings.

What was the purpose of Memorandum Order No. 247 (1994) and CHED Memorandum No. 3 (1995)?

To implement RA 1425 and enforce compliance.

What is RA 229 about?

Prohibiting cockfighting, horse racing, and jai-alai on Rizal Day (Dec 30) and creating a committee to celebrate Rizal Day in municipalities and chartered cities.

Name two general benefits of studying Rizal according to the notes.

Provides insights into current problems and helps understand Filipinos; also teaches nationalism and critical thinking.

What is the basic political-administrative structure of the Philippines under Spanish rule in the 19th century?

National Government headed by the Governor General; Provincial (Alcalde Mayor); Municipal (Gobernadorcillo); Barrio (Cabeza de Barangay).

What was the role of the Visitador?

An official who visited the country to check the governor’s administration.

What was the Residencia?

A formal inquiry into a governor’s conduct while in the Philippines.

Who were the GomBurZa, and why are they significant to Rizal?

Gomez, Burgos, Zamora; secularization leaders executed on Feb 17, 1872; inspired Rizal and he later dedicated El Filibusterismo to GomBurZa.

What psychological or social impact did the GomBurZa martyrs have on Rizal?

Inspired him to confront Spanish tyranny and motivated his writings and activism.

Describe the social stratification imposed by the Spaniards (Peninsulares, Insulares, Creoles, etc.).

Peninsulares (Spanish-born in Spain); Insulares (Spanish-born in the Philippines); Creoles (Spanish-Filipino mix); Illustrado (well-educated Filipinos); Principalia (landed elites); Indios (native majority).

What does Frailocracy mean in the Rizal notes?

A system where friars control religious and educational life, effectively uniting church and state.

What was the role of the Guardia Civil in the colonial period?

A disciplinarian force used by the Spanish; its abuses became a symbol of tyranny.

What were the two key education decrees mentioned besides RA 1425?

Education Decree of 1863 (primary schools; Spanish as medium); Moret Decree of 1870 (intended secularization of higher education, opposed by friars).

What was Encomienda in the Spanish colonial economy?

A grant giving Spaniards control over conquered inhabitants; three types: Royal, Ecclesiastical, Privado.

What duties did an encomendero have?

Right to collect taxes; monitor peace and order; govern the land given.

Who owned haciendas in the notes?

The Spanish friars and officials; rural Filipinos became tenants.

What is Polo y Servicio and its main effect?

Forced labor for Filipino males aged 16-60 for 40 days; reduced to 15 days by falla in 1884; decreased agricultural production.

What is the Galleon Trade and its effects?

Trade between the Philippines and Mexico; reduced local production, increased exchange of goods, and required Boletas; some products (mango, rice, textiles) reached Mexico.

When and where was Jose Rizal born?

June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna.

What is Rizal’s full name?

Jose Protacio Mercado Rizal Alonzo y Realonda.

Explain the meaning of Rizal’s names as given in the notes.

Jose: chosen by his mother; Protacio: from a Christian calendar; Mercado: family surname adopted; Rizal: field; Y: connector; Realonda: maternal surname.

Who were Rizal’s parents and when did they marry?

Francisco Mercado Rizal and Teodora Alonzo Realonda; married June 28, 1848.

How many siblings did Rizal have and what are some of their names?

11 children; include Saturnina, Paciano, Narcisa, Olimpia, Lucia, Maria, Jose, Concepcion, Josefa, Trinidad, Soledad.

Which ancestor on Rizal’s paternal side was a Chinese immigrant and how did the family come to have the Mercado surname?

Domingo Lamco; he adopted the Mercado surname in 1731.

Who is Lakan Dula in Rizal’s maternal ancestry?

The last native king of Tondo; part of Rizal’s maternal lineage.

Describe the Rizal home as noted in the sources.

A 2-storey adobe home with hardwoods and red-tiled roof; private library with about 1,000 volumes; a middle-class Principalia family.

What is the Principalia?

Town aristocracy in Spanish Philippines; distinguished Calamba family; carriage symbolized status.

What is one of Rizal’s earliest childhood memories described in the notes?

Time in the family garden at age 3; care from his aya; twilight songs and nightly rosary.

What is the Story of the Moth and its significance to Rizal?

Mother told a tale that left a deep impression; Rizal envied the moth’s light and thought the light worth dying for.

Name Rizal’s first poem and its theme.

Sa Aking Mga Kabata (To My Fellow Children); call for love of the national language.

What was Rizal’s first dramatic work and its context?

San Eustacio, Martir (a religious drama) written as a student at Ateneo; completed 1876.

What was Rizal’s first romance and its outcome?

Segunda Katigbak; engaged to Manuel Luz; Rizal’s shyness prevented a lasting relationship.

Who was Leonor Rivera and what is notable about their relationship?

Rizal’s cousin from Camiling; engaged; she signed as 'Taimis' in letters; Rizal boarded at Casa Tomasina with connections to her family.

What is 'To the Filipino Youth' and why is it significant?

A poem (1879) that urged Filipino youth to rise and embody national spirit; first great Spanish-language Filipino nationalist poem.

What is 'The Council of the Gods' and its prize?

An allegorical drama submitted for Cervantes centennial contest; won first prize and a gold ring engraved with Cervantes’ bust.

What are some other literary works Rizal produced during Ateneo years?

Beside the Pasig (Junto al Pasig), A Filipinas, Abd-el-Azis, Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramon, among others.

Describe Rizal’s secret student organization at UST and its leader(s).

Compañerismo (Comradeship), a secret society of Filipino students; Galicano Apacible among its leaders; created around 1880.

What event marked Rizal’s unhappy days at UST?

Hostility from Dominican professors, racial discrimination, and lack of honors despite Ateneo success.

What was Rizal’s plan after finishing his fourth year at UST?

To study in Spain, due to unfavorable conditions at UST and his desire for broader education.

What was the significance of Rizal’s year 1877 graduation in Ateneo?

Graduated with Highest Honors (Bachelor of Arts) on March 23, 1877, at age 16.

What does 'perito agrimensor' mean in Rizal’s context?

A vocational title for an expert surveyor; Rizal earned this while still in Ateneo.

What notable incident involving Rizal’s body or person occurred in 1878?

A Spanish Guardia Civil officer wounded Rizal by slashing his back in Calamba; Rizal sought justice but did not receive it.

What are the two main reasons Rizal gave for changing his heart regarding Miss L and Leonor?

(1) Memory of Segunda Katigbak; (2) His father’s disapproval of Miss L’s family.