protozoan parasites

are protozoans single or multi cellular

single

protozoans are euk or prok

euk

what are the 4 groups of protozoans

amoebas, ciliats, flagellates, sporozoa

protozoans are classified into groups based off of their?

motility

which two protozoans are flagellates

giardia, trichomonas

which three protozoans are sporozoa

toxoplasma, plasmodium, cryptosporidium

which protozoan is the most frequent cause of acute symptomatic parasite disease? this is true regardless of ________ _______

giardia; socioeconomic level

giardia is an _______ parasite that attaches and ________ in the _____ ________

extracellular; remains; small intestine

what type of hosts do giardia obtain/infect?

reservoir host (including wild animals, dogs, cats)

can giardia live in the environment?

no

giardia infective cysts are often ingested from?

mountain stream water, wildlife waste

people who are _____ ______ are often more likely to contract giardia

outdoor enthusiastes

infection from giardia is or is not highly symptomatic and can result in ?

is; inflammation and reduction in absorptive capability in the gut

diagnosis of giardia?

stool O and P

giardia is often misdiagnosed and the current best diagnosis tool is?

stool antigen test

tx of giardia

metronidizole

prevention of giardia

boiling water prior to consuming

is trichomonas more or less prevalent than giardia

more

(most common readily treated veneral disease in US)

trichomonas resides only in the?

human urogenital tract

does trichomonas form cysts?

no

are men and women both symptomatic if infected with trichomonas?

no; typically only women

if symptomatic, trichomonas can often cause?

irritation, urethritis or prostatitis

tx of trichomonas

metronidizole

prevention of trichomonas. are there vaccines?

safe sex practices; no

are sporozoas motile?

no

Cryptosporidium parvum is the major cause of _____ in _______ patients

diarrhea; AIDS

does Cryptosporidium require an intermediate host?

no

transmission of Cryptosporidium?

fecal-oral

Cryptosporidium are resistant to _________ and you can often become infected in contaminated ________

chlorine; pools

attached Cryptosporidium interact closely with epithelial cells but remain on the _____ side of the epithelium

lumen

diagnosis of Cryptosporidium

acid-fast staining of oocytes found in the stool

tx of Cryptosporidium

electrolyte replacement and supportive measures

of the sporozoas, which parasite is most common

toxoplasma (gondii)

what household animal can toxoplasma often infect

cats

does toxoplasma take on an intermediate host

yes

the sexual reproduction of toxoplasma occurs in the cat. this make it what kind of host

definitive

toxoplasma can also reproduce in what way?

asexually in carnivorous intermediate hosts (think tissue cysts that can become ingested)

toxoplasma can also be transmitted _________ from mother to fetus

congenitally

what cell type ingests toxoplasma and then transports it throughout the body

macrophages

diagnosis of toxoplasma

serological testing of IgM and O&P

tx of toxoplasma

sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine

prevention of toxoplasma

thoroughly cook meat, pregnant women avoid changing cat litter, keep cats indoors to reduce infection

plasmodium is responsible for?

malaria

what are the two hosts of plamodium

human and mosquito

_______ reproductive stage occurs in the human host

asexual

initial adults for _______ that multiple via ______ _____ in the ________. these eventually release/divide/multiple within the ______

merozoites; binary fission; liver; RBC's

plamodium multiples for approx ___-____ days prior to causing symptoms

8-30

which plamodium species can ultimately cause death

P. falciparum

symptoms of plamodium include

chills, sweats, anorexia, joint pain

diagnosis of plamodium

blood smears

(look for rings within RBC)

tx for plamodium

chloroquine and primaquine

prevention of plamodium

prophylactic tx prior to traveling and insect control