Structure & Properties Multiple Choice Question Bank

Vocabulary flashcards based on provided lecture notes about atomic structure, bonding, and molecular properties.

Polar Molecule

A molecule with uneven distribution of charge, resulting in a positive and negative end.

Ionic Character

A measure of the degree to which bonding electrons are unequally shared in a chemical bond.

Dipole-Dipole Forces

Intermolecular forces resulting from the attraction of the positive end of one polar molecule to the negative end of another.

Hydrogen Bonding

A strong type of intermolecular force where hydrogen is bonded to a highly electronegative atom (N, O, F).

VSEPR Theory

A model used to predict the shapes of molecules based on the repulsion of electron pairs around a central atom.

Metallic Solid

A solid held together by strong, non-directional metallic bonds, resulting in properties like conductivity and malleability.

Ionic Crystal

A solid composed of ions held together by strong electrostatic forces.

Covalent Solid

A solid in which atoms are linked by covalent bonds in a continuous network.

Molecular Crystal

A solid consisting of individual molecules held together by weak intermolecular forces.

Hund's Rule

A rule stating that electrons will individually occupy each orbital within a subshell before doubling up in any one orbital.

Pauli Exclusion Principle

A principle stating that no two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.

Aufbau Principle

A principle stating that electrons fill the lowest energy levels first.

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

The principle that it is impossible to know both the position and momentum of a particle with perfect accuracy.

Wave-Particle Duality

The principle that matter has properties of both particles and waves.

Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces

The phenomenon where the polarity of one molecule is induced in another nearby molecule.

Hybridization

The theory describing the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals for bonding.

London Dispersion Forces

A short-lived, weak attraction between all atoms and molecules due to instantaneous polarization of electrons.

Photon

A particle of electromagnetic radiation having zero mass and carrying a quantum of energy.