ap art history final study guide

Apollo 11 Stones

Charcoal animal profile on stone from a cave in Namibia, representing early human culture centered around hunting and gathering.

Venus of Willendorf

A sculpted figure from Southern Austria made of limestone, used to symbolize fertility.

Lascaux Caves

Cave paintings in Dordogne, France, created with natural pigments of livestock for religious purposes.

Bison with Turned Head

Carved reindeer antler from Dordogne, France, fastened to a spear for hunting.

Camelid Sacrum

A canine-shaped carving from Mexico, believed to have hunting or worship purposes.

Running Horned Woman

Artwork from Algeria depicting a figure reflecting the Sahara desert’s past grassland and ritualistic makeup.

Beaker with Ibex Motifs

Neolithic painted terracotta pottery from Susa, Iran, used for burial purposes and features an ibex symbol.

Antropomorphic Stele

Grave marker from the Arabian peninsula near trade routes, representing Neolithic societies.

Jade Cong

Jade carving from Liangzhu, China, used for funerary purposes at burial sites of the wealthy.

Stonehenge

A prehistoric monument in Wiltshire, UK, featuring post and lintel construction, possibly used for ceremonies and astronomy.

Ambum Stone

A pestle from Papua New Guinea sculpted from greywacke, possibly used in food preparation or for ritualistic purposes.

Tlatilco Female Figure

A two-faced female figure sculpted from clay in Mexico, believed to have shamanistic or religious functions.

Terracotta Fragments

Curved stamping patterns pressed into clay from Lapita, Solomon Islands, symbolizing cultural history.

Nan Madol

An ancient capital city in the Pacific, known for its water-based structure and canal system for protection and transportation.

Moai on Platform

Monumental statues from Easter Island made of volcanic tuff and basalt, representing chieftains and used in ancestral worship.

Ahu Ula

A cloak in Hawaii made of fibers and feathers, worn by nobility to assert power.

Staff God

A carved wooden staff wrapped in tapa cloth, symbolizing gender roles and spiritual mana.

Female Deity

Wood sculpture from Nukuoro associated with ceremonies in sacred spaces to honor female deities.

Buk Mask

A ceremonial mask from Torres Strait made of turtle shell, wood, and fiber, used to perform heroic scenes.

Hiapo

A cloth from Niue that commemorates events and honors ancestors, used as clothing before European influence.

Tamati Waka Nene

A painted oil canvas by Gottfried Lindauer representing Polynesian culture and tattooing.

Navigation Chart

A navigational tool from Marshall Islands made of wood, used to remember geography and currents.

Malangan Mask and Carvings

Wooden masks from Papua New Guinea with pigments, used in funerary practices and ceremonies.

Presentation of Fijian Mats and Tapa Cloths to Queen Elizabeth II

A multimedia performance in Fiji blending European authority with Fijian status symbols.

White Temple and its Ziggurat

A religious structure in Uruk, meant for rituals connecting earth and heavens, restricted to royalty.

Votive Figures from the Temple of Eshnunna

Figures that replace humans in prayer, depicting devotion to the gods.

Great Ziggurat at Ur

A massive structure made of mud and baked brick, used for taxes and payment from farmers.

Standard of Ur

Artifacts made from wood, shell, and lapis lazuli depicting narratives of war and peace.

Victory Stele of Naram Sin

A pink sandstone narrative commemorating the Akkadian victory over the Lullubi.

Stele of Hammurabi

A basalt monument detailing law codes written during Hammurabi's reign.

Lamassu

Statues placed at gates in Khorsabad to ward off enemies, reflecting Assyrian warrior culture.

Persepolis

A complex of palaces in Persia used for receptions, constructed for political power.

Palette of King Narmer

Soapstone artifact depicting the unification of upper and lower Egypt during the Old Kingdom.

Seated Scribe

A limestone sculpture reflecting the idealized image of status and occupation.

Great Pyramids and Great Sphinx

Limestone tombs for pharaohs in Giza, featuring chambers and protective figures.

Temple of Amun-Re and Hypostyle Hall

A sacred space in Karnak, Luxor, supported by carved columns.

Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut

Architectural monument celebrating Hatshepsut's achievements, coordinated with its natural setting.

Akhenaton from the Temple of Aton

A representation of Pharaoh Akhenaton, highlighting the shift to monotheism in Egypt.

Innermost Coffin of King Tutankhamun

Lavish coffin made of gold, meant for preserving Tutankhamun's body.

Temple of Ramses II

Monument featuring giant sculptures of Ramses II and family members, showcasing New Kingdom architecture.

Athenian Agora

The central plaza of Athens used for festivals and civic activities.

Anavysos Kouros

A marble grave marker from the Archaic period representing a young man.

Niobides Krater

A clay vase depicting the Greek myth of Niobe's children.

Doryphoros

A marble sculpture of a male athlete by Polykleitos, representing idealized human form.

Parthenon (Acropolis)

A temple in Athens, dedicated to Athena, designed by Phidias.

Helios, Horses, and Dionysus (Acropolis)

Marble sculpture depicting the birth of Athena on the east pediment of the Parthenon.

Plaque of the Ergastines

Part of the frieze of the Parthenon, depicting ceremonial events.

Temple of Athena Nike and Nike Adjusting Her Sandal (Acropolis)

A commemorative temple featuring high relief and ionic design.

Grave Stele of Hegeso

A funerary sculpture honoring Hegeso, created in a domestic setting.

Winged Victory of Samothrace

A Hellenistic sculpture with movement and emotion, originally placed at the front of a boat.

Great Altar of Zeus

Ionic architecture in Pergamon, featuring high relief depicting battles.

Seated Boxer

A bronze sculpture showing an aged boxer, meant to elicit emotion from viewers.

Alexander Mosaic

A Roman copy depicting the battle between Alexander the Great and Darius of Persia.

The Treasury

A rock-cut tomb in Petra, Jordan, showcasing Corinthian columns.

The Great Temple

A monumental structure at the end of the Silk Road, reflecting trade and burial practices.

Sarcophagus of the Spouses

Terracotta depiction of an Etruscan couple, symbolizing their status.

Temple of Minerva

A wooden temple in Veii, Italy, inspired by Greek architecture and design.

Tomb of the Triclinium

Frescoed dining table setup reflecting Etruscan funerary customs.

House of the Vettii

A Pompeian residence known for fresco paintings and an atrium.

Head of a Roman Patrician

A veristic sculpture signifying age and experience in the Republic period.

Augustus of Primaporta

Marble statue depicting Augustus, intermingling authority and propaganda.

Colosseum

A grand Roman amphitheater accommodating thousands for public spectacles.

The Forum

A central plaza in ancient Rome for business and governance.

Column of Trajan

Narrative column commemorating Trajan's victory, containing his ashes.

Forum Markets

Grand architectural site showcasing the sophisticated commerce of ancient Rome.

Pantheon

A temple in Rome with a large oculus, originally dedicated to all gods.

Ludovisbi Battle Sarcophagus

Roman funerary sculpture depicting military victory and historical context.

Catacomb of the Pricilla

Early Christian burial site with frescoes, illustrating pre-legal Christianity.

Santa Sabina

Basilica repurposed for Christian worship with Roman architectural elements.

Vienna Manuscript

An illuminated Genesis manuscript, showcasing biblical scenes.

San Vitale

Byzantine church known for its unique central plan and mosaics.

Justinian and Theodora Panels

Mosaics in San Vitale reflecting the power hierarchy in Byzantine culture.

Hagia Sophia

A monumental church in Istanbul, combining axial and centrally planned elements.

Merovingian Looped Fibulae

Silver gilt and stone brooches from France and Germany, reflecting early medieval fashion.

Lindisfarne Gospels

Illuminated manuscript created in England, containing the Gospel of St. Luke.

Church of St. Foy

Romanesque church designed for large pilgrimages with distinct architectural features.

Last Judgment

A prominent Romanesque tympanum reminding faithful of moral outcomes.

Reliquary of St. Foy

Sculpture holding relics of St. Foy, decorated with gold and gems.

Bayeux Tapestry

Embroidered narrative depicting the Norman conquest of England.

Pisa Cathedral Complex

An impressive Romanesque design in Italy, showcasing wealth and grandeur.

Chartres Cathedral

Gothic cathedral known for its height and use of stained glass windows.

Chartres Royal Portal

The sculpted entrance of Chartres Cathedral depicting biblical events.

Notre Dame Stained Glass Window

Gothic window design allowing divine light into a religious space.

Dedication Page with Blance of Castile and Louis IX of France

Illustrated manuscript dedicated to royalty, emphasizing moral teachings.

Scenes from the Apocalypse

A biblical narrative demonstrating the complexities of faith and sin.

Rottgen Pieta

Emotional wood sculpture of Mary holding Jesus, intended for private devotion.

Golden Hagadah

Illuminated manuscript illustrating the Passover story in Gothic style.

Arena Chapel and the Lamentation

Chapel with fresco by Giotto depicting biblical scenes and emotions.

Annunciation Triptych

A Northern Renaissance painting showing the Annunciation to Mary.

Gates of Paradise

Gilded reliefs depicting scenes from the Old Testament on the Florence Baptistry.

Il Duomo

Part of Florence Cathedral, featuring a dome designed by Brunelleschi.

Pazzi Chapel

A structure featuring classical elements and barrel vaults, attributed to Brunelleschi.

The Arnolfini Portrait

A Northern Renaissance painting by Jan van Eyck commemorating a wedding.

David

Bronze statue by Donatello symbolizing Florence’s fight against tyranny.

Rucellai Palace

A stone masonry building designed by Alberti, reflecting classical architecture.

Madonna and Child

Tempera painting by Filippo Lippi showcasing humanization of sacred themes.

Birth of Venus

Tempera painting by Botticelli depicting the mythological birth of Venus.

The Last Supper

Leonardo da Vinci’s fresco depicting Christ's final meal with his disciples.

David

Michelangelo’s marble statue portraying David before his battle with Goliath.

Sistine Chapel (Ceiling)

Frescoed ceiling by Michelangelo depicting Genesis scenes.