AP Biology, Semester One, Quizzes

A theory is

a tested and confirmed explanation for observations.

The smallest unit of biological structure that can still be considered living is the

cell.

Many organelles put together compose

cells.

What is the major difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Prokaryotes lack a nucleus.

The purpose of the control in an experiment is to

give data to compare to the experimental test.

Organisms of the same species that live in the same area are considered

a population.

What is the next step you should take in the scientific method after getting results that either show that your hypothesis is correct or show that your results are incorrect?

Report your results.

The ability of living things to maintain constant internal conditions is termed

homeostasis.

Which of the following is not considered one of the three domains of living things?

Protists

Biology is a large area of science to study. Many times, scientists specialize in one branch of biology. Which of the following is not a branch of biology?

geology

When two atoms are being held together by an ionic bond, which of the following statements is accurate?

One atom is now positively charged and the other is negatively charged.

Atoms that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons are called

isotopes.

Bonds that are created by atoms equally sharing an electron are called

nonpolar covalent bonds.

Which of the following parts of the atom is negatively charged?

electron

Acids have more of what molecule than bases?

hydrogen ions

Water is considered to be the solvent of life. What does the term solvent mean?

Water can dissolve other molecules.

Which of the following terms best describes ions or polar molecules that interact well with other polar molecules such as water?

hydrophilic

What kind of bond holds two water molecules together?

hydrogen bond

Which of the following is the least abundant element in living organisms?

nitrogen

Which of the following numbers on the pH scale is considered acidic?

6

How many bonds can carbon create?

4

Which of the following functional groups describes one nitrogen atom bonded to two separate hydrogen atoms?

amino

When water evaporates (like off of your skin into the air), it carries away a lot of heat with it. This cooling effect of evaporation is due to

water’s high heat of vaporization.

When molecules of water stick to themselves, it is called

cohesion.

Which of the following is not part of any one nucleotide?

operon

Which of the following in an incorrect pairing of a monomer and the polymer that it makes?

lipid—glycogen

The phosphate head of a phospholipid is said to be

hydrophilic.

How many different amino acids are there in living things?

20

Carbohydrates are used in the body for

quick energy.

Fats (lipids) can be modified to make

phospholipids, hormones, cholesterol, and glycolipids.

In living organisms, large molecules (called macromolecules) are formed by connecting smaller units (called monomers) together. What is the name of the process where monomers become bonded to each other?

dehydration synthesis

What is the name of the bond found between glucose and fructose in a molecule of sucrose?

glycosidic bond

The alpha helix and beta pleated sheet can be found first in which level of protein structure?

secondary

Which is an improper pairing of a polysaccharide and where it is commonly found?

glycogen—stored in the pancreas of animals

Which of the following is a monomer?

glucose

A fat (lipid) molecule is made up of

three fatty acids and one glycerol.

Amino acids are made up of an amino group and a

carboxyl group.

Which of the following intercellular junctions are found in plants and help with the transportation of water?

plasmodesmata

Select the organelle that contains digestive enzymes.

lysosome

What is the main purpose for having small cells?

to give sufficient surface area to support the rate of diffusion required

If you wanted to study smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which cell would be the best type to look at?

liver cell

If you wanted to study mitochondria, which cell would be the best type to look at?

muscle cell

Ribosomes function in which of the following ways?

They assemble proteins.

Which of the following is (are) found in a prokaryotic cell?

ribosomes

In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are found in the

nucleus.

Which of the following organelles will break down chemical macromolecules into smaller molecules to be reused by the cell?

lysosome

All cells have which of the following?

cytoplasm

Which of the following is found in animal cells but not plant cells?

cilia

Which of the following is not part of the cell theory?

Cells can divide sexually or asexually.

The larger the cell, the ______ the surface area to volume ratio.

smaller

Which of the following does not occur in the nucleus?

protein production

Some digestive enzymes are produced in liver cells and then transported into the small intestine. Which of the following organelles does not aid with this process?

lysosomes

Phospholipids are the main component of which of the following organelles?

plasma membrane

Which of the following is found in plant and animal cells?

Golgi apparatus

What is the function of the kidney with relation to cell fluid levels?

It maintains the fluids in an isotonic state.

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is not true?

It is hydrophilic in the center layer and hydrophobic on the outsides.

In the sodium-potassium pump, _____ molecules of sodium are moved for every _______ molecules of potassium.

3;2

Which part of the plasma membrane contributes the most to the fluidity of the membrane?

cholesterol

Which transport mechanism can bring an entire cell into another cell?

phagocytosis

During passive transport, a molecule can move from an area of _____ concentration to an area of _____ concentration.

high; low

In the formula for solute potential, what does i represent?

The number of ions the solute breaks into

Solution A and solution B are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Solution A is hypertonic with respect to solution B. Which of the statements below does not agree with this information?

Solute wants to move from solution B into solution A, but is stopped by the membrane.

What is turgor?

It is pressure on the inside of plant cell walls.

In the formula for solute potential, what does the T represent?

The temperature in Kelvin

A student places a starch and water solution into a bag of dialysis tubing and then ties off the ends. Next, he places the filled bag into a beaker of distilled water. Water will now _______ the bag by the process of ______.

enter; osmosis

If a red blood cell were placed in a beaker of distilled water, which of the following would occur?

The red blood cell would swell up.

active transport

requires the input of energy in the form of ATP; the movement of solutes across a membrane from an area where they are less concentrated to an area where they are more concentrated

diffusion

the random movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

osmosis

the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area where water is highly concentrated to an area where the water is less concentrated

Which of the following forms of cell membrane transport does not require a protein?

simple diffusion

When water moves through cell membranes, how much energy is required?

None

The initial source of energy for all living things is

sunlight.

During an enzyme and substrate interaction, which of the following is true?

The substrate changes into the products but the enzyme does not.

All of these will slow down enzyme activity except

warming the enzymes up.

The induced fit hypothesis describes the interaction between

an enzyme and its substrate.

If an enzyme in a solution is saturated with substrate, the most effective way to obtain a faster yield of product is to

add more of the enzyme.

How can water be both basic and acidic?

Hydrogen ions come and go between water molecules.

Which statement most accurately reflects the second law of thermodynamics?

An electric stove generates heat as it is cooking.

The source of energy for cells to function is

ATP.

pH is sometimes called the power of hydrogen. Where does hydrogen derive its power?

Its concentration in a solution.

Some enzymes require a metal ion in order to keep their proper shape. These are known as

cofactors.

Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence in reference to ATP: Catabolism is to anabolism as ______ is to ______.

exergonic; endergonic

While camping at night, a student activates a flow stick by mixing two chemicals to form a reaction that produces light. This is an example of

an exergonic reaction.

Which metabolic pathway is common to both lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation?

glycolysis

For each turn of the Krebs cycle, how many ATP, NADH, and FADH₂ are produced, respectively?

1, 3, 1

Where is the electron transport chain found?

on the inner membrane of the mitochondria

ATP is composed of three phosphate groups and

adenosine

When are most ATP made?

during chemiosmosis involving the electron transport chain

During what step of cellular respiration is the most water produced?

the electron transport chain

What happens to the low energy electrons when they reach the end of the electron transport chain?

They are added to oxygen, which becomes water.

Where does the Krebs cycle occur?

in the matrix of the mitochondria

After one glucose molecule goes through glycolysis, what three things are produced?

ATP, NADH, and pyruvate

How many ATP are produced from one glucose molecule under ideal circumstances?

38

Where does glycolysis occur?

in the cytoplasm

Pyruvic acid enters the _____ and is first converted into ______.

mitochondria; acetyl CoA

As electrons flow down the electron transport chain, their energy is used to do work. What work do the falling electrons do?

The electrons pump hydrogen ions into the intermembrane space against their concentration gradient.

Which of the following sequences is properly ordered as it describes the path taken by electrons during photosynthesis?

water, photosystem II, electron transport chain, photosystem I

What is the purpose of stage 3 (regeneration) in the Calvin cycle?

to change the molecules into one that will accept carbon dioxide

Photosynthetic organisms living deep in the water will have pigments that can absorb

blue light

What is the product of the light-independent reaction of photosynthesis?

glucose