Energy Changes and Reactions in Chemistry

A set of vocabulary flashcards focused on key terms and definitions related to energy changes, reactions in chemistry, and the functioning of cells and batteries.

Exothermic Reaction

A reaction where energy is transferred to the surroundings, typically causing a rise in temperature.

Endothermic Reaction

A reaction that absorbs energy from the surroundings, shown by a decrease in temperature.

Activation Energy (Ea)

The minimum energy required for a reaction to take place.

Catalyst

A substance that increases the rate of a reaction by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy.

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

A strong acid used in neutralization reactions, often combined with sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

A strong base that reacts with hydrochloric acid in neutralization reactions.

Electrolyte

A liquid that conducts electricity, often used in cells and batteries.

Rechargeable Battery

A battery that can be recharged by reversing the chemical reactions through an external current.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell

An electrochemical cell that converts chemical energy from hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy.

Photosynthesis

An endothermic reaction in plants that converts sunlight into chemical energy.

Combustion

An exothermic reaction involving burning, often releasing heat and light.

Neutralization Reaction

A reaction between an acid and a base resulting in the formation of water and a salt.

Voltage

The electric potential difference produced by a cell or battery, influenced by reactants and electrodes.

Non-rechargeable Battery

A battery that cannot be recharged once the chemical reactions are exhausted.

Fuel Cell Reaction

The oxidation of hydrogen and reduction of oxygen in a fuel cell that produces electricity.

Hydrogen Oxidation Half Equation

The half equation representing the loss of electrons from hydrogen in a fuel cell.