PT pulmonary - exam 1 (smoking cessation, science)

4,800

number of compounds in tobacco smoke

alkaline

nicotine is more readily absorbed in _____ pH (non-ionized)

first pass

nicotine is well-absorbed in small intestine, but has low bioavailability due to _____ hepatic metabolism

large surface area of alveoli and extensive capillary system in lung

nicotine is readily absorbed in lungs due to lung characteristics such as:

1) pH of lung (7.4)

2) ?

3) ?

11

nicotine reaches brain within ______ seconds

liver

nicotine is extensively metabolized in ____

continine

main inactive metabolite of nicotine metabolism

CYP2A6

CYP enzyme involved in nicotine metabolism to cotinine

2

half-life of nicotine is ____ hours

19

half-life of cotinine is ____ hours

kidneys

nicotine excretion occurs via _____ and breast milk

24-48

withdrawal symptoms peak within _____ hours after quitting

2-4

withdrawal symptoms usually subside within _____ weeks

first

after ____ cigarette of the day, smoker experiences effects, particularly arousal, and tolerance begins to develop with rising threshold levels

mesolimbic tracts

what part(s) of brain is dopamine (DA) relased from?

NAc and PFC

what part(s) of brain are the pleasure + reward centers?

a4b2

which subtype of nAChR is more sensitive to nicotine?

1) a7

2) a4b2

varenicline

partial agonist that mimics nicotine action + causes sustained release of mesolimbic dopamine

bupropion

DNRI that inhibits reuptake of DA, 5HT, NE, resulting in more NT transmissin to other nerves

HR and BP

cardiovascular effects of nicotine include increased ____, increased, and vasoconstriction

a7

bupropion is a full _____ agonist

multiple day dosing

disadvantage of short-acting nicotinic replacement therapy

cannot adjust dose for cravings

disadvantage of long-acting nicotinic replacement therapy

monitor for neuropsychiatric effects and contraindicated with seizure disorders

disadvantage of bupropion and varenicline for smoking cessation

most effective monotherapy

advantage of varenicline for smoking cessation