Aca Deca Art

What is landscape painting?

It is the idea of artists painting the natural world, dating from the 17th century onwards.

What were the readymades?

A serious of ordinary manufactured objects made by Marcel Duchamp. These items were commonly found in hardware stores and domestic homes.

Define abstract art

Art with no attempt to represent anything specific.

What is performance art?

Performances that included common activities, such as: opening a door.

What did performance art show society?

Art should not only include specialized media like oil paintings, but also should include the activities, materials, and concerns of daily life.

Define earthworks

An art form that brought awareness to the environment by directly altering the existing landscape.

Define site-specificity

Art only exist only in a single environment which can not be moved or displayed displayed in other environments in the same way a painting can.

How were earthworks able to gain a wider audience?

By photographing earthworks and placing these photos in museums and galleries more people were able to recognize earthworks.

What was the environmental movement?

A collective effort made by organizations and individuals to help address the environmental issues happening around the world. This act started during the 1960s.

Define formal analysis

Artists make decisions based on the visual aspect of art, which reveal to the viewer the meaning for an artwork. From this point of view, aspects of meaning are intrinsic to the work of art.

Define contextual analysis

Looking at the deeper meaning of an artwork by looking at the context. Contextual analysis focuses on cultural, social, religious, and economic context in which the work was produced.

Who was "Pliny The Elder" (23-79 CE)?

He sought to analyze historical and contemporary art, he did so in his text Natural History (77 CE).

Who was Giorgio Vasari (1511-1574 )?

An author and artist during the renaissance period who gathered the biographies of great Italian artists, past and present, in The Lives of the Artists (1550). This gave artists insight on changing the roles of artists in society.

Who is Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717-1768)?

A German scholar who shifted away from Giorgio Vasari's biographical emphasis to a rigorous study of stylistic developments related to historical context.

Where was the oldest known cave panting discovered

Chauvet Cave in southeastern France in 1994

What is the name for the artworks dating back to the Old Stone Age, where small stone female figures have exaggerated proportions?

Venus (or Woman) of Willendorf

Define ziggurats

Massive pyramids that used steps.

When were the hanging gardens of Babylon construction?

During the neo babylonian period (612-538 BCE)

What is the name of the gateway to the great ziggurat of the temple of Bel?

Ishtar Gate

What was the the palace at Persepolis made of?

This structure was constructed from stone, brick, and wood which reflected the influence of Egyptian architecture.

What was the hierarchical scale

An Egyptian art form that uses the status of figures or objects to determine their relative sizes within an artwork.

What was the treasures with Tutankhamun's tomb?

His burial mask, which was made of gold and is decorated with blue glass and semiprecious stones. The mask shows us a depiction of how he looked.

Define counter positioning

It was a posed invented to show the body toits best advantage

Define entablature

assemblage of horizontal moldings and bands supported by and located immediately above the columns of Classical buildings

Define capital (in architecture)

It forms the topmost member of a column. It mediates between the column and the load thrusting down upon it, broadening the area of the column's supporting surface

Define shaft

The body of a column or pilaster between the capital and the base

Define column?

A vertical element, usually a rounded shaft with a capital, a shaft, and a base.

Who where the first to use concreate in their art?

The Romans

Which artform is best known during the Byzantine period?

Mosaics

Define Romanesque architecture

Stone vaulted buildings that often replaced earlier churches that had highly flammable wooden roofs. Romanesque churches are usually formed of a tunnel of arches

Define barrel vault

A tunnel of arches

When did the Gothic style (of architecture) develop?

During the first half of the twelfth century.

Define ribbed vaults

A framework of thin stone ribs or arches built under the intersection of the vaulted sections of the ceiling.

Who was Giotto di Bondone (1267-13360/

He is is best known for his frescoes, a painting done rapidly in watercolor on wet plaster on a wall or ceiling

Who was the winner of the competition held in the city of Florence in 1401

Lorenzo Ghiberti (1381?-1455)

What was Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446) credited for developing?

Liner perspective

Define aerial perspective

refers to the effect the atmosphere has on the appearance of an object as viewed from a distance.

Who is considered the founder of modern sculpture

Donatello (1389?-1466)

Define Sfumato

Originating from the Italian word fumo, meaning smoke, is the use of mellowed colors and a blurred outline.

Define Mannerism

An artistic style where the works are characterized by the distortion of certain elements such as perspective or scale as well as their use of acidic colors and the twisted positioning of their subjects.

Define chiaroscuro

A dramatic contrasts of light and dark, used to heighten the emotional impact of subjects

Which two people were considered the greatest artists of the Renaissance in northern Europe?

Matthias Grünewald (1475?-1528) and Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528)

Who is is considered one of the greatest Renaissance portraitists?

Hans Holbein the Younger (1497-1543)

Define Baroque

A representation of color and ornamentation that heightened the energy and emotion that were characteristic of the great works of art of this period.

What is "Academy" short for? What is it?

Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture was a way to established a place were artists were able to learn aesthetic standards and principles of taste.

Define Rococo

Contains lightness, elegance, and an exuberant use of curving natural forms in ornamentation

Define fête galante

These works depicted members of the nobility inelegant contemporary dress enjoying leisure time

Define Neoclassicism

An aesthetic attitude based on the art of Greece and Rome which invokes harmony, clarity, restraint, universality, and idealism. Emphasizing line, order, and a cool detachment

Define Romanticism

An aesthetic based on emotion. Favoring imagination and is characterized by an emotional and dreamlike quality

Define Realism

An art style used to show a subject as it is both perfections and imperfections. It also demonstrated peoples daily lives.

Define Impressionism

An art style characterized by small, visible brushstrokes that offer the bare impression of form, unblended color and an emphasis on the accurate depiction of natural light.

Define Post-Impressionism

A term used to describe the reaction in the 1880s against Impressionism. Artists used vivid colors, a thick application of paint and real-life subject matter, but were more inclined to emphasize geometric forms, distort forms for an expressive effect and use unnatural and seemingly random colors.

Define Pre-Raphaelites

An art of serious subjects treated with maximum realism as an attempted to return to the simpler forms of pre-Renaissance art

Define Art Nouveau

It became popular in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, was a style of decoration, architecture, and design that was characterized by the depiction of leaves and flowers in flowing, sinuous lines.

Define arbitrary color

A choice of color in an artwork that has no basis in the realistic appearance of the object depicted

Ex. Purple Sun or Yellow Cows

Define Optical color (local color)

The exact color we perceive on on object

Ex. A cow id black and white, the sun is yellow

Define Cubism

An artform created around 1907-1908, it showed artists a new approach to representing reality, which resulted in paintings that appear fragmented and abstracted.

Define Expressionism

An art style in which the artist seeks to depict not objective reality but rather the subjective emotions and responses that objects and events arouse within a person.

Which artistes called themselves the Die Brücke

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (1880-1938) and Emil Nolde (1867-1956)

They took the arbitrary colors of the Fauvists and combined them with the intense feelings of a moment.

Who lead the Der Blaue Reiter group?

Vasily Kandinsky (1866-1944)

Define Dada

Art that aimed to protest against everything in society and to lampoon and ridicule accepted values and norms.

Define abstract expressionism

It is often characterized by gestural brush-strokes or mark-making, and the impression of spontaneity.

Define Action Painting

It employed dramatic brushstrokes or Pollock's innovative dripping technique.

Define Color Field Paintings

It featured broad areas of color and simple, often geometric forms.

Define "Combines"

Created by Robert Rauschenberg (1925-2008), using recycled and thrown-out objects (cast-off objects)

Define Minimalism

An art style used to reduce art to its barest essentials, emphasizing simplification of form and often featuring monochromatic palettes.

Define Photorealism

A hyper-real quality results from the depiction of the subject matter in sharp focus, as in a photograph.

Define Postmodernist

it takes many forms across a variety of media. It tends to reintroduce traditional elements or to exaggerate modernist techniques by using them to the extreme