Eukaryotic/Prokaryotic Cell Parts

Nucleus

Large, spherical/oval cell

Controls all cell functions

Contains genetic information

Nuclear Membrane

Thin internal membrane with large pores

Separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell

Pores allow a substance to pass between the nucleus and the cell

Nucleoplasm

Protein-rich fluid inside the nucleus

Contains the chemicals the nucleus might need

Nucleolus

Small spherical organelle that makes ribosomes

Chromatin

DNA, RNA, thread-like proteins that contain genetic information and controls cell functions. Also controls protein synthesis

Cytoplasm

Fluid in the cell, moves (cytosol)

Flows to transport substances

Plasma Membrane

Membrane surrounding the cell; made of phospholipids

Separates the cell from the environment

Regulates the passage of substances in/out of the cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

System of membranes that connects nucleus and cell membrane

Smooth - no ribosomes

Rough - has ribosomes

Transports Materials

Site for chemical reactions

Ribosomes

Small, round, may be attached to the ER, or floating in the cytoplasm.

Site for protein synthesis “Making proteins”

Prokaryotes too…

Mitochondria

Has 2 membranes: "outer; inner — caled “cristae” is folded, fluid matrix

Site for cellular respiration

Golgi apparatus

A series of flattened sacks

Secretion: packaging and processing

Vesicle

Small vacuole made by the ER or GA

Transport of materials within the cell and beyond the cell

Vacuoles/Central Vacuole

Fluid filled cavities

Stores water and substances

Regulates Water

Lysosome

Enzyme filled vacuole

Digestion, defense, cytolysis & suicide

Flagellum

Long, whip like

Movement

Cilia

Short, hair like

Moves materials across surface of cell

Contractile Vacuoles

Type of vacuole, large & clear

Regulates water in small unicellular animals

Centrioles

Two small spherical bodies outside the nucleus

Important to cell division

Cytoskeleton

Network of protein tubes in animal cells

Works like an endoskeleton

Microtubules

Hollow cylinders made of proteins

Transporting substances, cell division

Microfilaments

Small, protein fibers

Cell contractions

Movement of cytoplasm

Plastids

Spherical/oval

Stores food, chemicals

Produces chemicals

Chromoplasts

Type of plastid-contains pigment

produces chemicals

site for photosynthesis

Leucoplasts

Type of plastid - clear

Stores substances

Contractile vacuoles

Type of vacuole - large/clear

regulates water

Cell Wall

Surrounds cell; 3 layers; rigid cellulose

Shape, support, protection

Cell Cultures

A place where a biology nurtures cell

Controlled growth on a nutrient jello-lila base

Useful for tests and experiments

Fractionation

Release cell parts by grinding them and dissolving the membranes

Filter and strain the liquid

Centrifugation

Separate fluids by intense spinning

Chromatography

Study of pigments

Different colors separate by size in a solution, up the paper

Electrophoresis

Separates the DNA with electricity because DNA is polar