enzymes

Kinase

Adds a phosphate group

Phosphatase

Removes a phosphate group

Phosphorylase

Adds phosphate using inorganic phosphate

Phosphatase

Removes phosphate

Protease

Cleaves peptide bonds

Peptidase

Cleaves peptide bonds

Polymerase

Synthesizes DNA or RNA

Ligase

Joins molecules together

Helicase

Unwinds DNA

Primase

Synthesizes RNA primer

Topoisomerase

Relieves DNA supercoiling

Reverse transcriptase

Makes cDNA from RNA

Restriction enzyme

Cuts DNA at specific sequences

Endonuclease

Cuts within a nucleic acid strand

Exonuclease

Removes nucleotides from DNA ends

ATPase

Hydrolyzes ATP

Isomerase

Rearranges atoms within a molecule

Oxidase

Transfers electrons to oxygen

Reductase

Catalyzes reduction reactions

Dehydrogenase

Transfers hydrogen/electrons

Carboxylase

Adds CO₂

Decarboxylase

Removes CO₂

Hydrolase

Breaks bonds using water

Lyase

Breaks or forms bonds without water or redox

Transferase

Transfers functional groups

Catalase

Breaks down hydrogen peroxide

Zymogen

Inactive enzyme precursor

Cofactor

Nonprotein helper for enzymes

Coenzyme

Organic enzyme helper

Prosthetic group

Tightly bound cofactor

Allosteric site

Regulatory binding site

Substrate

Molecule an enzyme acts on

Competitive inhibitor

Binds active site

Noncompetitive inhibitor

Binds allosteric site

Uncompetitive inhibitor

Binds enzyme-substrate complex