industrial revolution inventions

flying shuttle

who: John Kay

what & how: weaved/produced cloth on a machine faster than human

affected: textiles & labor

spinning jenny

who: James Hargreaves

what & how: spun/produced threads at faster speeds

affected: textiles & labor

water frame

who: richard arkwright

what & how: connected flying shuttle & spinning jenny to water power & produced cloth faster

affected: textile & labor

cotton gin

who: Eli whitney

what & how: separated seeds from cotton; more cotton produced with less labor = slave labor goes down

affected: textiles, labor, agriculture

steam engine

who: james watt

what & how: coals heats up water = steam = steam power for machines = factories everywhere not just by river for water power

affected: labor and city/urban life

locomotive [train]

who: Richard trevithick

what & how: wheels connect to steam engine → wheels on rails

easier & faster to move resources, ppl, and goods

affected: transportation

bessemer process [steel]

who: henry bessemer

what & how: iron is heated to liquid to make steel then cooled to form. lowers cost of making steel. rails are strong enough to hold locomotives + industrial machines become strong + buildings can be built higher.

affected: transportation, labor, factories, urban life

pasteurization

who: louis pasteur

what & how: process of boiling a liquid to destroy germs → less diseases

affected: health & safety

light bulb

who: Thomas edison

what & how: oxygen free bulb w/ carbon filament that lights w/ electricity → long lasting inexpensive light source

affected: labor & urban life

telegraph

who: Samuel morse

what & how: sent pulses of electricity from long & short bursts

affected: communication

telephone

who: Alexander graham

what & how: dispersed burst of electricity + voices

affected: communication