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flying shuttle
who: John Kay
what & how: weaved/produced cloth on a machine faster than human
affected: textiles & labor
spinning jenny
who: James Hargreaves
what & how: spun/produced threads at faster speeds
affected: textiles & labor
water frame
who: richard arkwright
what & how: connected flying shuttle & spinning jenny to water power & produced cloth faster
affected: textile & labor
cotton gin
who: Eli whitney
what & how: separated seeds from cotton; more cotton produced with less labor = slave labor goes down
affected: textiles, labor, agriculture
steam engine
who: james watt
what & how: coals heats up water = steam = steam power for machines = factories everywhere not just by river for water power
affected: labor and city/urban life
locomotive [train]
who: Richard trevithick
what & how: wheels connect to steam engine → wheels on rails
easier & faster to move resources, ppl, and goods
affected: transportation
bessemer process [steel]
who: henry bessemer
what & how: iron is heated to liquid to make steel then cooled to form. lowers cost of making steel. rails are strong enough to hold locomotives + industrial machines become strong + buildings can be built higher.
affected: transportation, labor, factories, urban life
pasteurization
who: louis pasteur
what & how: process of boiling a liquid to destroy germs → less diseases
affected: health & safety
light bulb
who: Thomas edison
what & how: oxygen free bulb w/ carbon filament that lights w/ electricity → long lasting inexpensive light source
affected: labor & urban life
telegraph
who: Samuel morse
what & how: sent pulses of electricity from long & short bursts
affected: communication
telephone
who: Alexander graham
what & how: dispersed burst of electricity + voices
affected: communication
