Information processing theory

Information Processing Theory

The theory that compares the brain to a computer, suggesting that short-term memory functions like a processor while long-term memory acts as a hard drive.

Working Memory

Also known as short-term memory; it contains the information you are currently thinking about and has limited capacity.

Long-term Memory

A memory system with unlimited capacity where information can be stored permanently.

Encoding

The process of transferring information from short-term memory to long-term memory.

Retrieval

The process of transferring information from long-term memory back to short-term memory.

Sensory Memory

The initial stage of memory that processes incoming stimuli from the senses, lasting only a few seconds.

Iconic Memory

A form of sensory memory that temporarily stores visual information.

Echoic Memory

A form of sensory memory that temporarily stores auditory information.

Selective Attention

The process of filtering the sensory information based on what is deemed important.

Maintenance Rehearsal

A technique for keeping information in working memory by repeating it mentally.

Elaborative Rehearsal

A technique that involves linking new information to existing knowledge to enhance retention in long-term memory.