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Industrial chemistry is a branch of chemistry that applies ________ and ________ procedures toward the transformation of natural raw materials into products beneficial to humanity.
physical and chemical
The main role of industrial chemistry is to close the gap between chemistry as it is taught in schools and ________ as it is practiced commercially.
chemistry
Chemical industries produce a number of useful products including synthetic fibers, ________, rubber, and ________.
plastics; fertilizers
Ethiopia has mineral deposits that include sources of iron, lead, copper, and ________ metals.
rare-earth
Natural resources are classified into two categories: renewable and ________ resources.
non-renewable
In Ethiopia, important chemicals include ammonia, nitric acid, and ________ acid.
sulfuric
One important fertilizer used in agriculture is ________ phosphate.
di-ammonium (DAP)
A major step in the industrial production of sodium hydroxide is the ________ process.
Chloralkali
Insecticides can be prepared from ________ available materials.
locally
The important steps in the production of glass include melting raw materials, forming, and ________.
annealing
Production of ________ involves the chemical reaction of fats or oils with an alkali.
soap
Food preservation methods include drying, ________, and fermentation.
canning
The production of paper begins with the ________ of wood pulp.
processing
Chemical reactions in industrial processes usually require the use of ________ to drive the reactions.
energy
The production of sugar involves the extraction of juice from sugar ________.
cane
Cement is produced by heating limestone and ________ together at high temperatures.
clay
Common chemicals used as fertilizers include nitrogen fertilizers and ________ used for insecticides.
herbicides
The first step in the tanning process involves the ________ of animal hides.
soaking
One direct use of Na2CO3 (sodium carbonate) is in the production of ________.
glass
In Ethiopia, industries need an __________ revolution to utilize mineral deposits effectively.
industrial
A characteristic of chemical industries is that they consume ________ quantities of energy.
large
Pesticides manufactured in chemical industries are used to protect crops from ________ and diseases.
pests
Chemical industries often use __________ materials to produce desired products.
naturally or artificially available
The major steps in the production of ceramics include mixing materials, shaping, and ________ the products.
firing
To produce valuable products from raw materials, industries must apply ________ methods.
refining
The industrial production of hydrogen involves the ________ of methane.
steam reforming
Ethiopia's chemical industry includes products such as ________, dyes, and drugs.
fertilizers
The process of making plastics typically involves ________ reactions and polymerization.
polymer
Ammonia, HNO3 (nitric acid), and H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) are examples of ________ chemicals.
industrial
The industrial production of aluminum sulfate is a key process in water ________.
treatment
The key step in producing sodium bicarbonate involves the reaction of NaCl with ________ and ammonia.
carbon dioxide
Cement is an important material used in the ________ industry.
construction
Soap production is an example of ________ chemistry applied in household products.
industrial
Chemical industries are crucial for ________ growth and development in countries.
economic
Locally available materials can be used to develop ________ insecticides.
effective
The chemical industry transforms natural raw materials into products through __________ processes.
chemical
Food preservation techniques help extend the ________ of food products.
shelf-life
Beverages are produced through processes that include fermentation and ________ of ingredients.
mixing
Nitrogen fertilizers are important for enhancing soil ________ and productivity.
fertility
Ethiopia's industrial needs include the production of minerals for ________ purposes.
chemical
Manufacturing processes often require compliance with ________ for environmental safety.
regulations
Common uses of NH3 include fertilizers and as a ________ in chemical manufacturing.
reagent
Pulping is a critical step in the production of ________ from wood.
paper
The traditional method of tanning involves using natural ________ from plant sources.
tannins
Industrial chemistry applies to the production of everyday products like ________, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
cleaning agents
Some important chemicals produced in Ethiopia are used in construction, agriculture, and ________ manufacturing.
food
Chemical industries must adapt to __________ challenges for sustainable development.
environmental
Insecticides derived from local resources can be more ________ and cost-effective.
affordable
Chemical reactions can be influenced by factors such as temperature, pressure, and ________ concentration.
reactant
The glass-making process involves the heating of silica sand and ________ material.
soda ash
Foaming agents are used in soap production to create ________ during use.
lather
Local availability of chemicals can enhance the ________ of production processes.
efficiency
Basic raw materials for dye production include _______, solvents, and mordants.
pigments
Education in industrial chemistry contributes to developing skills in ________ and innovation.
research
The significance of chemical industries extends to improving ________ and quality of life.
health
Chemical processes often require large-scale ________ to be economically viable.
production
The principles of industrial chemistry emphasize sustainable ________ and resource management.
practices
In processes like hydraulic fracturing, chemicals are used to enhance ________ extraction.
oil
Developing countries like Ethiopia can improve their economy through ________ of local resources.
utilization
The role of industrial chemists is to ensure processes are both ________ and effective.
safe
Cement production involves the reaction of calcium carbonate with ________ at high temperatures.
silica
The production of biofuels represents a growing trend in ________ chemistry.
green
Local methods of food preservation often rely on techniques such as ________ and pickling.
salting
Packaging chemicals are essential for protecting products from ________ and contamination.
degradation
Chemical reactions in industry can lead to the generation of ________ waste that must be managed.
hazardous
Industrial chemistry plays a key role in developing ________ materials and technologies.
advanced
One application of chemistry in medicine is the development of ________ for various ailments.
drugs
Chemical industries often face challenges related to ________ and regulatory compliance.
sustainability
The process of refining crude oil produces chemicals like ________ and gasoline.
kerosene
To produce nitrogen fertilizers, nitrogen gas is often extracted from the ________ air.
atmospheric
Essential oils are organic substances used in various industries including ________ manufacturing.
fragrance
Chemical industries contribute to the production of ________ that enhance agricultural productivity.
inputs
The use of renewable resources is crucial in reducing the ________ footprint of chemical industries.
carbon
What is industrial chemistry?
Industrial chemistry is a branch of chemistry that applies physical and chemical procedures to transform natural raw materials into products that benefit humanity.
