Dairy Quiz Bowl - Calf & Heifer Management/Nutrition

What percent of total farm expenses do heifers typically account for?

15-20%

What contains antibodies that provide immunity from disease for calves?

colostrum

What has a higher level of protein than normal milk?

colostrum

A newborn calf needs to be fed 10% of the calf’s weight in colostrum during what time period?

Within the first 2 hours of life

How soon does a calf’s gut close to immunoglobulins (antibodies)?

after 24 hours

How long can frozen colostrum be safely stored?

1 year

When a calf nurses where does the milk travel through?

the esophageal groove

what percentage of protein and fat should conventional milk replacer contain?

20% crude protein and 20% fat

How much should a calf weigh by 8 weeks of age?

double their birth weight

What is a significant factor in monitoring growth rates in dairy heifers?

Average Daily Gain (ADG)

What are important factors in calf housing?

That it is clean, dry, draft-free, and well-ventilated

Leading causes of death in young calves

scours and pneumonia

Places wher pathogenic organisms may enter a newborn calf’s body

mouth, naval, and nose

What should be applied to a calf’s naval within 30 minutes after birth?

either 7% iodine solution or a 1:1 mixture of clorhexidine and 70% alcohol

When does a calf begin to chew cud?

2-3 weeks old

What are extra teats called?

supernumerary teats

when is the optimal time to dehorn calves?

3 weeks of age

What dehorning paste can be used to dehorn calves?

potash

What is the major buffer for maintaining optimum rumen pH?

saliva

What is a reticulum also know as?

the honeycomb

What stomach component is located closest to the heart?

the reticulum

Where does hardware disease occur?

in the reticulum

What is the rumen also known as?

The fermentation vat

What is largest of the cow’s stomach components?

the rumen

What is the primary process that takes place in the rumen?

fermentation

What are the types of organisms that live in the rumen and digest feed?

bacteria, protozoa, and fungi

What gases are produced in the rumen?

carbon dioxide and methane

What is the omasum also called?

manyplies

What is the main function of the omasum

the dehydration of partially digested feed

What is the abomasum also called?

the true stomach

What is the primary acid found in the abomasum?

hydrocloric acid

What are the segments of the small intestine?

duodenum, jejunum, and ilieum

What is broken down in the small intestine?

fats

What is the main function of the large intestine?

water absorption and storage of waste materials

Major sources of energy for the dairy cow

fats and carbohydrates

What is likely to be the limiting nutritional requirement for the high producing dairy cow?

energy

what is a unit of measure of energy in a feed?

a calorie

What do cows mobilize for energy?

fat

What are the basic elements contained in carbohydrates?

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

What structural carbohydrates can a cow use as a source of energy?

cellulose and hemicellulose

What are nonstructural carbohydrates that are highly digestible?

starch, sugar, and pectin

What part of feed is non-digestible?

lignin

What is the primary source of energy and milkfat?

acetic acetate

What is the precursor for glucose?

propionic acid

How many standard amino acids are there?

20

Amino acids are classified as….

essential or non-essential

What are the most limiting amino acids in dairy cattle?

lysine and methionine

What mineral is needed by the dairy cow in the largest quantity?

potassium

How are vitamins classified?

fat-soluble or water-soluble

What are the water soluble vitamins?

vitamins b and c

How much does an average dairy cow drink per day?

30-50 gallons

What are the peak times for water consumption?

as soon as the cows leave the milking parlor and when cows consume large amounts of dry matter (at feeding)

How does a dairy cow excrete or lose water?

breathing, feces, milk, sweat, and urine

What happens to the digestibility of plant fiber as the plant increases in age or during hot weather?

the digestibility decreases

What fiber consists of cellulose, lignin, and lignified nitrogen components.

Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF)

What feedstuff contains the lease amount of moisture?

hay

What combines the digestibility and intake estimates into one number for an easy and effective way to identify and market quality hay?

Relative Feed Value (RFV)

What is the most common reason that farmers adopt grazing?

Cost reduction

What is considered the best material for covering a bunker silo?

plastic

What is the most desirable acid produced during ensiling?

lactic acidwh

What acid is considered an undesirable acid?

butyric acid

What causes the pH to decrease in silage?

acid production

What is the most popular type of silage?

corn silage

What two forage testing methods are there?

NIR and wet chemistry

What is the most fed source of magnesium?

magnesium oxide

What is a good source of calcium?

limestone

How often should the feed bunks for the milking herd be cleaned?

daily in order to remove refusals

What is it called when you separate cows by certain factors to tailor their food and nutrients to their needs?

grouping

How many teeth does a mature dairy cow have?

32 (but no upper front teeth)

What is the largest cost in milk production?

feed

What is often added to dairy cattle rations to improve taste and reduce dustiness?

molassese

When does peak milk production usually occur?

2-3 weeks before peak feed intake