Biology: Cell Terms

Test : 10/20/23

Cellular Organizaton

A cell is the smallest unit capable of all life functions

Heredity

An organism’s ability to transfer traits to its offspring

Responsiveness

An organism’s ability to respond to the external environment

Homeostasis

Organism’s ability to maintain its internal environment

Metabolism

Chemical reactions that an organism preforms to produce compounds or provide energy

Growth/Development

Growth: Organism’s ability to create new cells

Development: A change in function of existing cells

Cells are..

The smallest unit of life

Unicellular Organisms

Made of one cell (single celled)

Multicellular Organisms

Organisms made of many cells

Hooke

Three lens microscope

Named cells “cells”

Leeuwenhoek

Observed numerous cells in a bond of water

Schleiden

Plants are made of cells

Schwann

First statement of cell theory

Virchow

All cells are the basis structure and functions from prexisting cells

Cell Theory

1. All organisms are made from cells

2. All existing cells are produced by other living cells

3. The cell is the basis structure and function

Prokaryotic Cells

1. No nucleus

2. DNA located in cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cells

1. Have nucleus

2. Nucleus holds genetic info

How do we know something is alive?

Grow, develop, use energy, reproduce, made from cells, respond to environments

Levels of Cell Organization

Molecules, Cells, Tissues, Organ, Organ System, Organism

Hooke

First to identify cells

Leeuwenhoek

Observed cells

Schleiden

Plants are made of cells

Schwann

All living things made of cells

Virchow

Cells come from other cells

What do all cells have in common?

1. Cytoplasm

2. Cell membrane

3. DNA

Two main types of eukaryotic cells

1. Plant

2. Animal

What is the difference between animal and plant cells?

Plant: Cell Wall, Vacuole, Chloroplast

Animal: Lysosomes, Centrioles

What organelles are involved in packing?

1. Nucleus

2. Rough ER

3. Golgi Apparatus

4. Vesicle

5. Cell Membrane

What organelles are involved in support?

1. Cell Membrane

2. Cytoplasm

3. Cytoskeleton and Centriole

4. Cell Wall

What two organelles create energy?

Mitochondria and Chloroplast