social influence

conformity

change in behaviour or attitudes in response to influence by others

compliance

a superficial type of conformity in which people conform publicly but privately disagree

identification

a type of conformity in which people change their beliefs to fit in with a group, but change may only be temporary

internalisation

the deepest type of conformity in which people change their beliefs permanently so the beliefs become part of their way of seeing the world

unanimity

complete agreement

smith & bond- conformity in different countries

highest in fiji- 58%

lowest in belgium- 14%

aschs study

placed 6 white american men in a room and asked to answer questions. 5 confederates and 1 participant. 74% conformed at least once. 26% didnt conform

evaluation of asch

gender bias

lab setting

cultural bias

normative social influence (linkenbach and perkins)

conformity based on the desire to be liked and accepted

informative social influence (fein et al)

based on the desire to do the right thing

zimbardo prison study- obedience

24 male p’s prisoners or guards. Investigated social roles and found that social roles have an extraordinary power over individuals. Some p’s went on hunger strike and became depressed

evaluation of zimbardo

ethical issues

haslam & reicher

validity

sample issues

demand characteristics

milgram study of obedience

shock experiment. Everyone went to 300V but only 65% continued to the full 450V

factors affecting obedience

proximity of experimenter

proximity of victim

setting/location

uniform

explanations for obedience

legitimacy of authority

agency theory

authoritarian personality

legitimacy of authority

the amount of social power held by the person who is giving the instruction

agency theory

whether or not we feel responsible forour actions- agentic shift from autonomous role to agentic state

autonomous state

personal responsabilities

agentic state

acting as an agent for a authority figure

social support

support from other people who are also defying pressure to conform or obey

asch- social support

arranged for 1confederate to agree with the real participant- 5.5% conformed when unanimity was broken

milgram social support

when teachers worket together in pairs to administer shocks obedience was reduced and that 90% of p’s were able to resist orders to shock the learner at some point before 450V

minority influence

occurs when an individual or group of people influence a larger group to change their attitudes or behaviours towards an issue

locus

sense of control people have over the successes, failures and events in their lives

internal locus of control

people believe that they can influence events in their life and feel thexteraeir actions are their own choice and responsibility

external locus of control

believe that outside factors influence their daily lives and decisions

moscivici et al evaluation

gender bias- only females

ecological vailidity- artificial task/mundane realism

social change

occurs when a minority view challenges the majority vies and s eventually accepted as the majority view

social cryptoamnesia

a cognitive bias experienced by whole cultures following social change