Psych 110 quiz 1

Anterior/rostral

front

posterior/caudal

back

dorsal

top

ventral

bottom

lateral

toward the side

medial

toward the middle

ipsilateral

same side

contralateral

opposite side

superior

above

inferior

below

proximal

towards the center of the body

distal

away from the center of the body

brain slices/planes

coronal section/frontal section

horizontal section

sagittal section/midsagittal plane

Meninges

the three layers of protective sheath around brain and spinal cord

dura mater

outer layer, durable, thick, flexible but unstretchable

arachnoid membrane

middle layer, web like, soft and spongy

pia mater

inner layer, thin

ventricular system

set of holes within the brain that's filled with CSF

- lateral ventricle

- third ventricle

- fourth ventricle

Cerebral aqueduct

connects the third and fourth ventricle

Choroid plexus

produces CSF and protrudes into all 4 ventricles

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

clear fluid, fills ventricular system of the brain and subarachnoid space surrounding brain and spinal cord, made be the chohroid plexus

Obstructive hydrocephalus

flow of CSF is blocked; repaird with a valve that allows CSF to escape and be abosrbed into the blood

Pre and post natal brain development

neural tube development- conception to 4 weeks

symmetrical division- 4 to 8 weeks

asymmetrical division- 8 to 20 weeks

neural migration- 12 weeks and on until birth

myelination- week 28 up until adulthood

synapse formation- little before week 20 and up until just before adolescence

Apoptosis- just after 16 weeks and after 4 months post birth

Overproduction and refinement of neural connections

there's early overproduction of neurons when young which is followed later by apoptosis and refinement of synaptic connections based on learning and exposure to stimuli

- lots of neurons at first, less as you get older and don't use them as often (pruning)

Central nervous system

brain and spinal cord (CNS)

encased by bone

CSF

somatic (controls voluntary movement of muscles)

parasympathetic (calming)

Peripheral nervous system

cranial nerves

spinal nerves

peripheral ganglia

encased by vertebral column

autonomic

sympathetic (arousing)

behavior

the planning and execution of a series of goal-directed movements

- modified by the internal state (emotions, learning, bio rhytms, hormones, memory)

- modified by external factors (temp., light, predator/prey)

4 major behavioral motivations

- aka the 4 F's

Fight, flight, feed, reproduce

Tinbergen's 4 questions

bio explanation of behavior

- function:

- causation:

- development:

- evolution: