Public Health Exam 2

Social determinants of health (SDOH)

Nonmedical, social, economic, and environmental conditions that influence health outcomes.

Economic Stability

One of the categories of SDOH, including factors like income, employment, and food security.

Education (as a SDOH)

Access to literacy, high school graduation, and higher levels of education which influence health.

Health Care Access & Quality

A category of SDOH focused on health insurance coverage and availability of healthcare providers.

Neighborhood & Built Environment

A category of SDOH that considers housing quality, neighborhood safety, and access to transportation.

Social & Community Context

A category of SDOH involving factors like social cohesion and civic participation.

Life Chances

The socio-economic opportunities that influence health prospects.

Social Gradient of Health

The concept that health improves incrementally with each step up the socio-economic ladder.

Social Inequality

Persistent differences in resources and opportunities across social groups, leading to unequal health outcomes.

Proximal Causes

Immediate biological or behavioral causes of health issues.

Intermediate Causes

Social or environmental conditions that influence proximal causes.

Distal Causes

Broad social, economic, and political structures shaping intermediate causes.

Health Belief Model (HBM)

A model that outlines the beliefs individuals hold regarding their health risks and the actions they can take.

Evidence-based public health (EBPH)

Integrating best scientific evidence with community preferences and practitioner expertise for public health decisions.

RE-AIM Framework

A public health evaluation framework measuring Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance.

System

Interconnected components that produce behavior through inputs, processes, outputs, and feedback.

Feedback Loops

Processes that can be reinforcing (positive) or balancing (negative) affecting system behavior.

One Health

An integrative approach that recognizes the interconnection between human, animal, and environmental health.

Superfund Sites

U.S. program aimed at identifying and cleaning up the most contaminated hazardous waste sites.

Sustainability

Meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet theirs.