APHG 2.11-12: Voluntary, Forced, and Effects of Migration.

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts regarding migration, including types, effects, and legal frameworks.

Voluntary Migration

Migration that occurs by choice.

Involuntary Migration

Migration that occurs due to coercion or external pressures.

Transnational Migration

Migration from one country to another while retaining ties to the home country.

Remittances

Money sent back by migrants to their home country.

Distance Decay

The reduced likelihood of migration as the distance between locations increases.

Transhumance

Seasonal migration of livestock herders between high and low elevations.

Chain Migration

Migration to a location based on recommendations from family or friends.

Step Migration

Migration occurring in stages, rather than a direct route.

Rural-to-Urban Migration

Migration from countryside to cities for better economic opportunities.

Guest Worker

Migrant workers who temporarily move to another country for employment.

Refugees

Individuals forced to flee their country due to persecution or violence.

Internally Displaced Persons (IDP)

Individuals forced to flee their home but remain within their country.

Asylum Seekers

Individuals seeking protection in another country due to fear of persecution.

Enslaved Persons

Individuals who are forced to work against their will and are treated as property.

Push Factors

Negative conditions that drive people to leave their home country.

Pull Factors

Positive conditions that attract people to a new country.

Brain Drain

The emigration of highly trained or educated individuals.

Cultural Contributions

Aspects of a migrant's home culture brought to a new location.

Demographic Change

Changes in the composition of a population due to migration.

Dependency Ratio

A ratio of the dependent populations (young and old) to the working-age population.

Xenophobia

Fear or prejudice against people from other countries.

Political Effects of Immigration

Changes in laws or governance due to immigration dynamics.

Immigration Restrictions

Laws designed to limit the number of immigrants.

Family Reunification

Immigration policy allowing family members of migrants to join them.

Guest Worker Programs

Programs that allow foreign laborers to work temporarily in a country.

Case Study: Chinese Exclusion Act

Legislation that severely limited Chinese immigration to the US from 1882-1943.