Chapter 8 - Metabolism

What is metabolism?

The sum of all an organism’s chemical reactions.

Living things seem to break the laws of physics because of the ability to maintain _____ by keeping a clear distinction between what’s inside a cell and what’s out. We are able to negate the natural desire of the universe towards _______.

order; disorder (entropy)

What are four things organisms use energy for?

Growth, maintenance, reproduction, and body temperature.

What are coupled reactions?

Chemical reactions that take place one after the other.

A cell’s main currency is ___ and it’s produced through ______ ________.

ATP; cellular respiration

What would occur if living things did not enzymes?

It would take a lot more energy to have chemical reactions.

Enzymes have an _____ ___ in which substrates fit into. This allows different _____ of the enzyme and will determine the ______.

active site; shapes; function

Generally, the _____ the body size, the _____ the metabolism.

bigger; slower

________ will change the shape of the enzyme so that the substrate can no longer bond at the enzyme’s active site.

noncompetitive inhibitors

_________ will bond to the active site before the substrate.

competitive inhibitors

What four factors affect how well enzymes functions?

temperature, pH, inhibitors, and concentration of enzymes present

An increase in the temperature would make chemical reactions go _____ because molecules more erratically with more ____, causing more collisions so the substate and enzyme are more likely to collide. Too much heat would cause the enzyme to ______ since it is a protein, which’ll slow down the reaction and then cease.

faster; heat; denature

An increase or decrease in pH would cause ____ chemical reactions because enzymes generally like a pH of around __.

fewer; 7

An ________ of inhibitors would mean it’s less likely a _______ will be able to bind to an enzyme's active site because the inhibitors would get there beforehand due to being outnumbered.

increase; substrate

An increase or decrease in the _________ of enzymes present would make chemical reactions faster or slower because there are more or less active sites for the substrates (or inhibitors) to bind to

concentration