unit two population and migration

arthmetic density

the total number of people per unit area of land; also called crude density

physiological density

the total number of people per unit of arable land

agricultural density

the total number of farmers per unit of arable land

carrying capacity

the maximum population size an environment can sustain

total fertility rate

the average number of children one woman in a given country or region will have during her childbearing years

infant mortality rate

the number of desths of children under the age of 1 per 1,000 live births

crude birth rate

the number of births in a given year per 1,000 people in a given population

crude death rate

the number of deaths in a given per 1,000 people in a given population

life expectancy

the average number of years a peron is expected to live

dependency ratio

the number of people in a dependent age group divided by the number of people in the working-age group multiplied by 100

doubling time

the number of years in which a population growing at a certain rate would double

demographic transition model (dtm)

a model that represents shifts in the growth of the world’s populations, based on population trends related to birth rare and death rate

epidemiological transition model (etm)

a model that describes changes in fertility, mortality, life expectancy, and population age distribution, largely as the result of changes in causes of death

malthusian theory

pro natalist

describing attitudes or policies that encourage childbeating as a means of spurring population growth

anti natalist

describing attitudes or policies that discourage childbearing as a means of limiting population growth

ravenstein’s laws of migration

1. migration is typically short in distance

2. migration occurs in steps

3. urban areas attract both long-distance and rural migrants

4. every migration generates a counter-migration

5. young, single, adult males are more likely to migrant than females

6. most migration is due to economic factos

internally displaced person (idps)

person who has been forced to flee his or her home but remains within the country’s borders

transnational migration

international migration in which people retain strong cultural, emotional, and financial ties with their countries of origin

transhumance

the movement of herds between pastures at cooler, higher elevations during the summer months and lower elevations during the winter

chain migration

type of migration in which people move to a location because others from their community have previously migrated there

step migration

series of smaller moves to get to the ultimate destination