Ch. 5 - AP Euro

Flashcards covering major terms and concepts from the lecture on European monarchies and constitutional developments.

Hohenzollerns

Powerful German noble family that ruled Prussia and later the German Empire.

Frederick William the Great Elector

Ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia who transformed the fragmented territories into a unified state.

Junkers

Landed nobility in Prussia, forming the backbone of the military officer corps and loyal to the monarchy.

Habsburg Dynasty

Powerful royal house that ruled the Holy Roman Empire, Austria, Spain; expanded through strategic marriages.

Edict of Restitution

Issued during the Thirty Years' War to restore Catholic Church properties taken by Protestants.

War of Spanish Succession

Major conflict over who would succeed the childless Spanish King Charles II, involving rival claimants.

Peace of Utrecht

Series of treaties that ended the War of Spanish Succession, establishing the balance of power in Europe.

Edict of Toleration

Issued by Habsburg Emperor Joseph II in 1781, granting limited religious freedoms to non-Catholics.

French Absolutism

Political system where a monarch holds absolute power, epitomized by Louis XIV of France.

Divine Right Rule

Political theory stating kings are God's representatives on earth and answerable only to God.

Mercantilism

Economic policy promoting state-sponsored industries and trade to enhance national power.

Peter the Great

Tsar who transformed Russia into a major European power through extensive reforms.

Constitutionalism

Government power limited by laws or a constitution, emerging from England's political struggles.

The English Civil War

Conflict between Parliament and King Charles I, influenced by Puritan opposition to absolute rule.

Thomas Hobbes

Philosopher who advocated for absolute sovereignty as a means to maintain order in society.

John Locke

Political thinker who argued for natural rights and the social contract, influencing modern democracy.

Baroque Art

Art style characterized by dramatic movement and emotional intensity, used to inspire religious devotion.

Peter Paul Rubens

Flemish painter known for his Baroque compositions, blending classical influences with vibrant color.