GenZoo Lab 1st moving exam

unicellular eukaryote

complete organism in which all metabolic physiological processes occur within the living protoplasm or simple within the boundaries of its plasma membrane

protozoans

requires moisture, some lack cell walls, may be sessile or free swimming, and have atleast one motile stage during their ontogeny.

protists

do not constitute a single natural evolutionary lineage but rather span several major branches of the eukaryotic tree

Amoeba sp.

naked tubulinean described to move and feed by extending its pseudopodia. feeding is primarily by phagocytosis, and reproduction is mainly asexual by binary fission.

Entamoeba histolytica

causative agent of amebiasis is considered one of the most important parasitic amoebae. it lives in the large intestine, liver, lungs and brain.

active feeding phase & cyst phases

what are the two stages that entamoeba histolytica usually occur:

Euglena sp.

clear funnel like space found at the anterior end of the cell. also serves as an opportunity to eliminate waste and excess water discharge

Pellicle

what is the protective covering of the euglena called

Cytokinesis

euglena reproduces through longitudinal fission a process of ____ that occurs along a longitudinal axis

Trypanosoma sp.

osmotrophic haemoparasitics flagellates that thrive in the blood or other tissues of vertebrates. obtain food from environment

African Sleeping Sickness

Trypanosoma spp. is the causative agent of ________

Volvox sp.

may reach a diameter of 2 mm and are easily visible to the unaided eye. they illustrate a transition from unicellular to colonial to multicellular forms. each somatic cells contains a chloroplast a stigma for light sensitivity and pair of flagella for locomotion.

Plasmodium sp.

infected female mosquito sporozoites into the human host, when another mosquito feeds on infected person it ingests the male and female gametocytes.

Malaria

what does the plasmodium sp cause?

Paramecium sp.

A slipper shaped organism that appears to be transparent in the light microscope, active components of fresh water environments and can swim at an average speed of 1-3mm

Vorticella sp.

a free living solitary sessile ciliate with a bell shaped primary thallus and a slender stalk, the bell shaped has a wide rim known as the peristone

Porifera or Sponges

primarily conmposed of marine animals with loosely organized cells.

Pinacocytes, Mesohyl, Choanocyte

What are the 3 layers of the sponge?

Mesohyl

what layer of the sponge is in the middle layer containing amoeboid cells called mesenchyme cells

Pinacocytes

The outer layer of the sponge contains a thin, flat, cells called _____

Choanocyte

the inner chamber of the cells is called the ______

Mesenchyme cells

these cells specialized in reproduction and forming various types of skeletal structures

Pinacocytes

This can specialize in porocytes. These can aid in regulating water circulation

Choanocyte

These cells are flagellated and bear collar like rings of microvilli that help create water current through sponge

Spongocoel

sponges have a cavity known as the ______ which leads to an excurrent opening osculum.

Hexactinellida, Demospongiae Calcispongiae, Homosclemorpha

sponges are classified into four classes:

H_

D_

C_

H_

Calcispongiae

composed of marine species that produce calcium carbonate spicules with 3 or 4 rays

Hexactinellida

compromises marine 6 rayed silica spicules, these organisms are often cylindrical and mostly found in deep water.

Demospongiae

this represents most of the living sponges in the world and has one known that thrives in freshwater. these sponges produce either both spongin fibers and siliceous spicules.

homoscleromorpha

used to be a subgroup of demospongiae but was recognized as a seperate due to morphological differences. tiny siliceous spicules when prsent or reduced skeleton, encrusting body form

Asconoid sponges

this simplest and least common body form. which are small and tube like shaped.

Syconoid sponges

this resembles asconoids but are bigger with thicker body wall that folds thus increasing surface area

Leuconoid sponges

the most common type of body form and are considered to have complex canals formeed by extensively folded body wall containing several oscula

heterotrophic

filter feeder sponges are called ____

Cnidaria

this contains a very diverse group of organisms thta superficially do not resemble one another but are related in several ways .

Polyp

a basic cnidarian body plain ia a ___, a radially symmtrical barrel shaped body, with a mouth at the top surrounded by a ring of tentacles.

Mesoglea

cnidaria posses 2 tissue layers separated by a gelatinous layer called: _____

Medusa

Some polyp evolve into an upside down swimming unit called a: ____

gastrovascular cavity

Cnidarians eat their food by passing it in their mouth and digesting it in the ____

Medusa

free swimming, upside down unit

heterotrophic

cannot make own food, they eat or absorb food from other organisms

Zoochlorelae

photosynethic partners living inside corals to obtain additional nutrients

Hydra

small 2 to 25 mm freshwater polyp, attached to aquatic vegetation in calm water. body features central mouth on the hypostome surrounded by tentacles: leads into gastrovascular cavity.

Cnidocytes

hydra: The outer epidermal layer contains cluster of stinging cells called the ___ for defense and prey capture

Oblelia

the colony develops when a swimming planula larva settles and repeatedly buds, forming lateral branches. A living tissue core runs through these branches , protected by a secreted outer layer.

feeding hydrants and reproductive gonangia

Obelia: the colony features two distinct polyp types: which is?

Aurelia aurita

marine scyphozoan whose large, water dense body 2-40cm features a firm, thick mesoglea layer. Its umbrella rim has eight marginal notches, short fringing tentacles. these produce strobilae that release immature medusae called ephyrae, which mature into adult jelly fish

metridium sp.

features cylindrical body divided into anoral disc with tentacles and a mouth, central column and basal disc.