8 - Disease States from Abnormal Hormonal Regulation of Glycolysis and β Oxidation

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6 Terms

1
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What disease state results from abnormal hormonal regulation of glycolysis and β-oxidation?

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

2
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What causes diabetic ketoacidosis?

Insulin deficiency combined with elevated glucagon, leading to uncontrolled lipolysis and β-oxidation.

3
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How does insulin deficiency affect glycolysis and β-oxidation?

  • Glycolysis is suppressed

  • β-oxidation is stimulated, resulting in excess acetyl-CoA and ketone body production.

4
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What is the result of unchecked ketone body synthesis in DKA?

Ketosis and metabolic acidosis, due to accumulation of acidic ketone bodies (especially acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate).

5
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What symptoms are associated with diabetic ketoacidosis?

  • Fruity breath (due to acetone)

  • Deep, rapid breathing (Kussmaul respiration)

  • Dehydration

  • Confusion or coma in severe cases

6
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Why does the liver continue producing ketone bodies in DKA?

Due to high rates of β-oxidation and the liver's inability to utilize ketone bodies (it lacks thiophorase).