Clinical Psychology (Practice exams 1-8)

You are beginning a therapy group for individuals dealing with midlife issues. From your experiences with new groups, you know that, during the beginning stages of group therapy:

Select one:

A. group members will talk through the therapist and seemingly ignore one another.

B. group members will interact with one another and more or less ignore the therapist.

C. group members will act quite hostile toward the therapist and resist his/her suggestions.

D. cliques will begin to develop within the group

A. group members will talk through the therapist and seemingly ignore one another.

Which of the following is a challenge that may arise from mandating Evidence Based Therapies?

Select one:

A. The financial cost of training all of the individuals needed.

B. The limited number of trainers with which to prepare those that are gaining skills in Evidence Based Therapies.

C. The limited number of Evidence Based Trainings.

D. The varied type and intensity of training that differs across regions.

D. The varied type and intensity of training that differs across regions.

Manuel is a 21-year old college student who moved to the United States from Mexico with his family when he was four years old. Manuel has many Anglo friends at school and usually dates Anglo women, but, at home, he speaks Spanish and participates in the cultural traditions practiced by his family. When asked about his ethnic identity, Manuel says, "I'm American and Hispanic, but I guess I consider myself mostly Hispanic." Manuel is best described as:

Select one:

A. fused.

B. separated.

C. assimilated.

D. bicultural.

D. bicultural.

Caplan (1970) distinguished between four types of mental health consultation. Which of the following is an example of the type he labeled "program-centered administrative consultation"?

Select one:

A. A consultant is hired by a colleague to resolve a diagnostic dilemma she is having with a current client.

B. A consultant is hired by a school to help school administrators evaluate the effectiveness of an existing remedial program for at-risk students.

C. A consultant monitors a support group for administrators to help them develop better interpersonal skills.

D. A consultant helps a teacher acquire the behavior modification skills she needs to reduce disruptions in her classroom.

B. A consultant is hired by a school to help school administrators evaluate the effectiveness of an existing remedial program for at-risk students.

In the book, A Theory of Multicultural Counseling and Therapy, Sue, Ivey, and Pedersen (1996) describe three multicultural counseling competencies. These are:

Select one:

A. ability, knowledge, and sensitivity.

B. flexibility, sensitivity, and awareness.

C. awareness, knowledge, and skills.

D. self-awareness, expertise, and strategies.

C. awareness, knowledge, and skills.

In Freudian psychoanalysis, clarification:

Select one:

A. reduces the client's resistance.

B. links current behavior to unconscious processes.

C. brings a confusing or unclear issue into focus.

D. helps the client gain control over his/her inner conflicts.

C. brings a confusing or unclear issue into focus.

According to Irvin Yalom, (1985) increasing intimacy and willingness to self-disclose and greater adherence to group norms are attributable to which of the following?

Select one:

A. Cohesiveness

B. Universality

C. Identification

D. Group transferences

A. Cohesiveness

As described by Sue and Sue (1999), "playing it cool" is a:

Select one:

A. sign of an internal locus of control.

B. survival mechanism.

C. characteristic of the immersion-emersion stage of racial/cultural identity development.

D. sign of functional (versus cultural) paranoia.

B. survival mechanism.

When treating a couple in which the husband has physically abused his wife and it has been clearly determined that the abuse can be classified as instrumental (vs. expressive), the best initial approach is:

Select one:

A. to ensure that the husband and wife are physically separated and to provide them with separate therapy.

B. to have the husband and wife sign a "no-violence contract" and to provide them with separate therapy.

C. to have the husband and wife sign a "no-violence contract" and to provide them with conjoint therapy.

D. to provide combined individual and group therapy for both the husband and wife.

A. to ensure that the husband and wife are physically separated and to provide them with separate therapy.

Which intervention reflects a lack of cultural competence?

Select one:

A. Promoting a value free environment in therapy

B. Adopting a holistic perspective

C. Maintaining an openness to incorporating traditional healers and practices into the treatment process when appropriate

D. Employing a collaborative approach when setting treatment goals

A. Promoting a value free environment in therapy

Which of the following accurately presents Sophie's (1985/86) stage theory of lesbian identity development?

Select one:

A. Identity confusion, identity comparison, identity acceptance, and identity pride

B. Sensitization, identity confusion, identity assumption, and identity integration

C. First awareness, testing and exploration, identity acceptance, and identity integration

D. Pre-encounter, encounter, immersion-emersion, and internalization

C. First awareness, testing and exploration, identity acceptance, and identity integration

_____________ has been identified by some theorists as a crucial etiological factor that contributes to the manifestation of schizophrenia.

Select one:

A. Midlife trauma

B. European descent

C. Double-bind communication

D. Birth order

C. Double-bind communication

Family therapy is probably contraindicated in which of the following situations?

Select one:

A. The presenting problem involves long-term marital conflict.

B. Family members attribute their problems to one of the members.

C. One of the family members has severe depression.

D. One of the family members has anorexia or bulimia.

C. One of the family members has severe depression.

A husband and wife avoid conflicts with one another by focusing their attention on helping their child overcome his difficulties at school. As described by Minuchin, this is an example of:

Select one:

A. reframing.

B. detouring.

C. stable coalition.

D. triangulation.

B. detouring.

__________ described "personal constructs" as bipolar dimensions of meaning that determine how a person perceives, interprets, and predicts events.

Select one:

A. William Glasser

B. George Kelly

C. Victor Frankl

D. Fritz Perls

B. George Kelly

For Yalom (1985), in group therapy,__________ is the analogue of the client-psychotherapist relationship in individual therapy and is a key factor in therapy outcome.

Select one:

A. cohesiveness

B. family re-enactment

C. guidance

D. identification

A. cohesiveness

In their meta-analysis of research evaluating psychotherapy outcomes for children and adolescents, Weisz and his colleagues (1995) obtained the smallest effect size for:

Select one:

A. female children.

B. male children.

C. female adolescents.

D. male adolescents.

D. male adolescents.

A number of pioneers in the field of family therapy had a psychodynamic background, which they incorporated, to some degree, in their approach to family therapy. However, the psychoanalyst _______________ is generally identified as the first to formally adapt and apply psychoanalytic principles to the understanding of the family.

Select one:

A. Nathan Ackerman

B. Carl Whitaker

C. Richard Stuart

D. Robert Liberman

A. Nathan Ackerman

Jung's analytic theory differs from Freud's psychotherapy in all of the following ways except:

Select one:

A. Jung's perspective reflects a more optimistic view of human nature.

B. Jung promoted a more active interchange between analyst and patient.

C. Jung conceptualized the psyche as continuing to evolve throughout the lifespan.

D. Jung replaced the concept of the ego with the concepts of the self and the ideal-self.

D. Jung replaced the concept of the ego with the concepts of the self and the ideal-self.

A strategic family therapist is working with a family in which the husband and wife have avoided their own conflicts by focusing their attention on the problems of their 9-year old son. The therapist in this situation is most likely to:

Select one:

A. educate the parents about "triangulation."

B. obtain a detailed family history from the husband and wife to identify the pattern of interactions in their families of origin.

C. give the husband and wife a homework assignment designed to foster recognition of the conflicts that exist between them.

D. use "circular questions" to help family members gain insight into each other's perspectives.

C. give the husband and wife a homework assignment designed to foster recognition of the conflicts that exist between them.

Helms's (1995) White Racial Identity Development Model distinguishes between six statuses, with each status being associated with a different information processing strategy (IPS). For example, the "flexibility and complexity" strategy is characteristic of the __________ status.

Select one:

A. internalization

B. integrative awareness

C. reintegration

D. autonomy

D. autonomy

Which of these researchers authored a 1952 publication that sparked research on psychotherapy outcomes?

Select one:

A. Mary Smith

B. Gene Glass

C. Thomas Miller

D. Hans Eysenck

D. Hans Eysenck

In their study of outpatient mental health services in Los Angeles County, Sue et al. (1991) found that, while clients from all groups showed improvement at the end of therapy, __________ had the best outcomes.

Select one:

A. African Americans

B. Anglo Americans

C. Asian Americans

D. Hispanic Americans

D. Hispanic Americans

Although it is necessary to avoid stereotypes when providing services to members of ethnic and racial minority groups, generalizations are often made in the literature. For example, past research suggests that when working with Hispanic and Hispanic American clients, it is important to keep in mind all of the following except:

Select one:

A. different levels of acculturation among Hispanic clients can influence their perceptions of and responses to therapy.

B. family therapy is often contraindicated because of the hierarchical nature of many Hispanic family.

C. behavioral and other active, problem-oriented therapies are usually more acceptable than insight-oriented therapies.

D. gender-roles tend to be demarcated clearly and are fairly rigid.

B. family therapy is often contraindicated because of the hierarchical nature of many Hispanic family.

According to Phinney and Devich-Navarro, African-American adolescents who exhibit a "blended bicultural" behavioral pattern:

Select one:

A. are situated midway between ethnic and American culture and consider themselves part of neither.

B. acknowledge their American heritage but are more strongly influenced by their ethnic background.

C. do not distinguish between ethnic and American cultures.

D. view themselves as having integrated American and ethnic identities.

D. view themselves as having integrated American and ethnic identities.

According to Atkinson, Morten, and Sue's (1993) Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model, the final stage of identity development involves:

Select one:

A. assimilating into the dominant culture.

B. adopting a self-identity that is rooted in their racial/cultural background.

C. adopting an identity that is independent of the minority and majority cultures.

D. adopting a multicultural perspective.

D. adopting a multicultural perspective.

For Salvador Minuchin, "psychosomatic families" (e.g., those in which asthma, diabetes, or anorexia threaten the life of one child) are most likely to be characterized by which of the following?

Select one:

A. Frequent, intense, and open conflicts between family members

B. weak boundaries between family members and limited opportunities for Individual autonomy

C. Family roles that are inflexible and stereotyped

D. Marked emotional distance between the husband and wife who are both emotionally immature

B. weak boundaries between family members and limited opportunities for Individual autonomy

The ADDRESSING model:

Select one:

A. has received criticism for the lack of attention to factors related to ageism

B. provides a framework for addressing cultural complexities in clinical practice

C. excludes cultural competencies relevant to sexual orientation

D. is a model specific for addressing the cultural complexities of people of color

B. provides a framework for addressing cultural complexities in clinical practice

Sue and Sue (1990) describe the worldview of counselors and their clients in terms of two dimensions - locus of control and locus of responsibility - and propose that members of racial minority groups are more likely to exhibit which of the following worldviews?

Select one:

A. Internal locus of control/internal locus of responsibility

B. External locus of control/internal locus of responsibility

C. Internal locus of control/external locus of responsibility

D. External locus of control/external locus of responsibility

C. Internal locus of control/external locus of responsibility

You are conducting a therapy group and you are now in the middle stage. You ask group members to shift from answering direct questions to talking freely about themselves. The group members show resistance to this. You should:

Select one:

A. allow them to express their resistance

B. explain to them the developmental process of the group

C. tell them that resistance is not allowed

D. go back to asking direct questions

A. allow them to express their resistance

During the first therapy session with a new client, a solution-focused therapist will:

Select one:

A. conduct a thorough screening and history-taking

B. help the client identify and describe therapy goals in concrete, positive terms

C. educate the client about the causes of his/her presenting problem and alternative techniques for alleviating the problem

D. identify the client's stage of change

B. help the client identify and describe therapy goals in concrete, positive terms

A therapist tells a client who wants to quit smoking that he should keep his only pack of cigarettes in a place that is accessible only by walking for more than one mile. This is an example of which of the following paradoxical techniques?

Select one:

A. Reframing

B. Symptom prescription

C. Ordeal

D. Restraining

C. Ordeal

In schools, psychological consultants are often hired to help teachers or other school personnel resolve problems related to specific individual students. This is referred to as:

Select one:

A. consultee-centered case consultation

B. client-centered case consultation

C. consultee-centered administrative consultation

D. client-centered administrative consultation

B. client-centered case consultation

Although the various models of homosexual (gay/lesbian) identity development differ somewhat in terms of the number and nature of the stages they propose, most describe a person in the initial stage as:

Select one:

A. revealing to another person that he/she is not sexually attracted to people of the opposite gender

B. actively denying his/her sexual attraction toward same-gender individuals

C. recognizing that he/she is different from same-gender peers

D. first realizing that he/she is sexually attracted to people of the same gender

C. recognizing that he/she is different from same-gender peers

A client who is a member of a minority group expresses negative feelings about her own culture and positive feelings toward the dominant (Anglo) culture. The client is in which stage of Atkinson, Morten, and Sue's (1993) Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model?

Select one:

A. Conformity

B. Dissonance

C. Immersion

D. Denial

A. Conformity

Which of the following techniques would a psychologist most likely use to clarify the emotional distance or closeness between family members?

Select one:

A. sculpting

B. mimesis

C. psychodrama

D. reframing

A. sculpting

A therapy client's negative transference is most likely to be manifested in which of the following ways?

Select one:

A. The client will criticize the therapist and be pessimistic about the outcomes of therapy.

B. The client will be more willing to talk about anxiety-arousing events.

C. The client will say whatever comes to his/her mind.

D. The client will express unrealistic positive expectations for the outcomes of therapy.

A. The client will criticize the therapist and be pessimistic about the outcomes of therapy.

As defined by Wrenn (1985), a "culturally encapsulated" counselor:

Select one:

A. has had little or no exposure to individuals from different cultures

B. disregards cultural differences and his/her own cultural biases

C. prioritizes culture as an etiological factor in mental illness

D. recognizes that universal principles of behavior do not apply to everyone

B. disregards cultural differences and his/her own cultural biases

From the perspective of Cross's (1991, 2001) Black Racial Identity Development Model, change in the direction of greater racial or ethnic awareness is:

Select one:

A. a natural consequence of a person's developmental level

B. the result of exposure to events that increase the salience of race

C. the result of peer influence

D. one of the possible resolutions of an identity crisis

B. the result of exposure to events that increase the salience of race

Nonsexist therapy, in comparison to feminist therapy, places greater emphasis on:

Select one:

A. the impact of sex roles and sexism

B. modification of personal behavior

C. treating men and women the same

D. the egalitarian nature of the therapeutic relationship

B. modification of personal behavior

Which of the following best describes the results of research on client and provider satisfaction with the use of videoconferencing and other forms of telehealth to deliver mental health services?

Select one:

A. Clients express high levels of satisfaction with telehealth but providers express low levels of satisfaction.

B. Providers express high levels of satisfaction with telehealth but clients express low levels of satisfaction.

C. Clients and providers both express satisfaction with telehealth and most clients express a stronger preference for telehealth than for in-person services.

D. Clients and providers both express satisfaction with telehealth but some providers also express concerns about its effectiveness.

D. Clients and providers both express satisfaction with telehealth but some providers also express concerns about its effectiveness.

A client is acting in a passive-aggressive way toward a psychology intern who, in turn, becomes unconsciously passive-aggressive toward her supervisor. This is an example of which of the following?

Select one:

A. Transference

B. Countertransference

C. Over-involvement

D. Parallel process

D. Parallel process

The term homophobia was coined by:

Select one:

A. Richard Troiden

B. Gregory Herek

C. George Weinberg

D. Claire Renzetti

C. George Weinberg

For an extended family systems (Bowenian) therapist, when a family exhibits a high degree of fusion but one member is more differentiated than the others, the likely approach would be to:

Select one:

A. work with the least differentiated family members

B. work with the most differentiated family member

C. work with all members of the extended family as a group

D. work with all family members in individual therapy until they reach a similar level of differentiation

B. work with the most differentiated family member

Harry Stack Sullivan's interpersonal approach to psychiatry identifies ____________ as the primary cause of psychopathology.

Select one:

A. unconscious conflicts manifested into present behavior

B. excessive anxiety

C. obstacles to self-actualization

D. avoidance of ultimate concerns

B. excessive anxiety

Which of the following terms is least descriptive of the Lockean tradition underlying the Western approach to individual psychotherapy?

Select one:

A. Linear-cause effect

B. Reductionistic

C. Individualistic

D. Relativistic

D. Relativistic

An emphasis on contact, awareness, and experimentation is central to which of the following?

Select one:

A. Gestalt therapy

B. Solution-focused therapy

C. Adlerian therapy

D. Rational-emotive therapy

A. Gestalt therapy

For Carl Jung, transference is:

Select one:

A. a form of projection

B. sexual "acting out"

C. symbolization

D. a fantasy

A. a form of projection

In terms of group therapy, premature termination has been found to depend most on the members':

Select one:

A. locus of control

B. expectations

C. psychological mindedness

D. diagnosis

B. expectations

Sue et al. (1991) found that ethnic matching was associated with improved treatment outcomes for:

Select one:

A. Hispanic clients

B. Black clients

C. Asian clients

D. Clients of all races

A. Hispanic clients

An African American adult in which stage of Cross's (1991) Black Racial Identity Development Model denigrates all aspects of White culture while idealizing all aspects of African American culture?

Select one:

A. Internalization

B. Encounter

C. Immersion-emersion

D. Reintegration

C. Immersion-emersion

Structural family therapy entails three overlapping steps or stages. Which of the following techniques is/are most useful during the first step?

Select one:

A. Reframing and relabeling

B. Tracking and mimesis

C. Constructing a family map

D. Enactment

B. Tracking and mimesis

Research evaluating the effectiveness of various forms of psychotherapy for older adults has found that:

Select one:

A. older adults respond less well than younger adults to most forms of psychotherapy.

B. older adults respond much better than younger adults to most forms of psychotherapy.

C. older adults respond to a comparable degree as younger adults to most forms of therapy, although older adults may respond more slowly.

D. older adults respond to a comparable degree as younger adults to most forms of therapy, although older adults may respond more quickly.

C. older adults respond to a comparable degree as younger adults to most forms of therapy, although older adults may respond more slowly.

According to Troiden (1988), homosexual identity development involves which of the following stages?

Select one:

A. Confusion, comparison, acceptance, synthesis

B. Feeling different, confusion, assumption, integration

C. Dissonance, immersion, introspection, integrated awareness

D. Dissonance, acceptance, assumption, integration

B. Feeling different, confusion, assumption, integration

The basic assumptions and procedures of _____________________ were derived from Rogers' client-centered therapy and Bandura's notion of self-efficacy.

Select one:

A. Motivational interviewing

B. Social learning theory

C. Self-efficacy theory

D. Person-centered therapy

A. Motivational interviewing

From the perspective of traditional psychoanalysis, transference is:

Select one:

A. an impediment to therapy progress.

B. a form of resistance.

C. a form of catharsis.

D. an ego defense mechanism.

B. a form of resistance.

During a therapy session, Dad, who is normally soft-spoken and mild-mannered, becomes very agitated and starts yelling. The oldest daughter becomes upset and says, "Please stop, you're scaring Johnny" (the 6-year old son). Dad stops yelling and becomes calm again. This is an example of:

Select one:

A. positive feedback.

B. scapegoating.

C. family homeostasis.

D. the double-bind.

C. family homeostasis.

A practitioner of motivational interviewing would most likely emphasize use of which of the following in therapy?

Select one:

A. Paradoxical techniques that foster resistance

B. Techniques that help the therapist communicate empathy

C. Confrontational techniques that address the client's excuses and irresponsibility

D. Techniques that help the client identify problem exceptions

B. Techniques that help the therapist communicate empathy

Which of the following was responsible for the genesis of Gerald Caplan's development of mental health consultation?

Select one:

A. Recognition that traditional psychoanalysis was not helpful for many of his clients

B. Recognition that an internal consultant was needed in many organizations to address employees' mental health problems

C. Recognition that the mental health of many more individuals can be improved through indirect services

D. Recognition that preventive efforts do not target the appropriate populations

C. Recognition that the mental health of many more individuals can be improved through indirect services

Open-ended questions, affirmations, reflective listening, and summary statements are considered the principle skills or strategies of:

Select one:

A. solution-focused therapy.

B. reality therapy.

C. motivational interviewing.

D. interpersonal therapy.

C. motivational interviewing.

The research has found that the more widely that lesbians disclose their sexual orientation to others, the more likely they will:

Select one:

A. experience an increase in anxiety.

B. engage in greater anonymous socializing.

C. report higher levels of self-esteem.

D. report less support from family members.

C. report higher levels of self-esteem.

According to Landrum and Batts, system blaming and system beating are:

Select one:

A. reflections of conceptual incarceration.

B. manifestations of the split-self syndrome.

C. survival mechanisms.

D. possible manifestations of internalized oppression.

D. possible manifestations of internalized oppression.

A systemic family therapist uses "circular questioning" in order to:

Select one:

A. obtain unbiased information from family members.

B. help family members recognize differences in their perceptions.

C. refocus the attention of family members to the here-and-now.

D. obtain information about the family's transactional patterns and style.

B. help family members recognize differences in their perceptions.

A therapist who has adopted an etic perspective:

Select one:

A. believes that mental disorders may be manifested differently by people from different cultural groups.

B. believes that mental disorders are manifested in similar ways by all people, regardless of their cultural group.

C. believes that our external environment must be changed in order for healing to occur.

D. believes that we must adapt to our environment in order for healing to occur.

B. believes that mental disorders are manifested in similar ways by all people, regardless of their cultural group.

A young man who hates his mother consistently lavishes her with praise and gifts. A Freudian would interpret this behavior as a manifestation of which of the following defense mechanisms?

Select one:

A. Sublimation

B. Displacement

C. Psychological reactance

D. Reaction formation

D. Reaction formation

The traditional explanation for the beneficial effects of acupuncture is that it promotes healing by:

Select one:

A. restoring the flow of energy in the body.

B. creating a state of mental calmness.

C. altering the balance between cell growth and cell death.

D. restoring balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

A. restoring the flow of energy in the body.

Researchers who have investigated the association between race/ethnicity and advance directives have generally found that:

Select one:

A. there are no cultural differences in patient willingness to complete advance directives.

B. Native American patients are more likely than White patients to complete advance directives.

C. White American patients are less likely than Black patients to complete advance directives.

D. Black American patients are less likely than White patients to complete advance directives.

D. Black American patients are less likely than White patients to complete advance directives.

Irvin Yalom (1985) described the group therapist's role primarily as which of the following?

Select one:

A. Technical expert

B. Advocate/ role model

C. Clinical adviser

D. Passive participant

A. Technical expert

The notion that there are three major life tasks - friendship, occupation, and love - is most consistent with the philosophy of:

Select one:

A. Perls.

B. Berne.

C. Rogers.

D. Adler.

D. Adler.

"Culturally encapsulated" therapists:

Select one:

A. have become immersed in another culture at the expense of their own culture.

B. exhibit an overt type of racism while denying that they are prejudiced against members of other cultures.

C. define the reality of their clients according to their own cultural assumptions.

D. maximize cultural differences by consistently distinguishing between "us" and "them."

C. define the reality of their clients according to their own cultural assumptions.

Telling a husband and wife who complain that they are constantly arguing with each other to argue for at least two hours every night is referred to as?

Select one:

A. Positioning

B. Prescribing the symptom

C. Double-bind communication

D. An ordeal

B. Prescribing the symptom

The concept of triangulation is central to general systems theory and can be found in the work of Bowen, Minuchin, Satir, and others. Although these theorists differ somewhat in their definition of triangulation, in general, it is said to:

Select one:

A. reduce tension as a two-person system draws in a third party.

B. reduce tension as the members of a two-person system focus their attention on a third party.

C. facilitate avoidance of conflict between two persons as they form an alliance against a third person.

D. reduce conflict as two members of a three-person system assume a submissive role when interacting with the third dominant member.

A. reduce tension as a two-person system draws in a third party.

In an attempt to live up to mainstream standards of beauty, a member of a racial minority group alters her appearance in order to "look White." This is best described as an example of:

Select one:

A. racial stereotypes.

B. racial stigmatization.

C. internalized racism.

D. interpersonal racism.

C. internalized racism.

The stages of change (transtheoretical) model identifies two factors as the primary predictors of successful transition from one stage to the next. These are:

Select one:

A. perceived self-efficacy and decisional balance.

B. locus of control and level of commitment.

C. motivation and persuasibility.

D. outcome expectancies and outcome value.

A. perceived self-efficacy and decisional balance.

After several sessions with her therapist, a client starts acting like her father towards the therapist. Assuming that the therapist is a practitioner of Gestalt therapy, he is most likely to respond to this transference by:

Select one:

A. ignoring it.

B. temporarily assuming the role of the client's father.

C. helping the client see the difference between her transference and reality.

D. helping the client understand how her past relationship with her father is affecting her.

C. helping the client see the difference between her transference and reality.

A primary goal of Minuchin's structural family therapy is to:

Select one:

A. increase differentiation in family members by identifying and restructuring family triangles.

B. replace rigid and diffuse boundaries with clear boundaries.

C. balance separation and togetherness.

D. align boundaries with family systems and subsystems.

B. replace rigid and diffuse boundaries with clear boundaries.

A structural family therapist's interventions when working with a triangulated family will be designed to:

Select one:

A. foster insight in order to establish more appropriate hierarchies and boundaries.

B. create stress in order to unbalance the family's homeostasis.

C. dilute the tension between family members in order to reduce triangulation.

D. alter the family's implicit and explicit rules in order to increase differentiation.

B. create stress in order to unbalance the family's homeostasis.

It is important when choosing a treatment approach for a client belonging to a particular ethnic or other minority group to remember that individuals belonging to the same group exhibit diverse characteristics. However, research does suggest that, overall, Asian and Asian American clients may prefer:

Select one:

A. a directive, structured counseling approach.

B. an unstructured, insight-oriented counseling approach.

C. a client-centered counseling approach.

D. a self-directed counseling approach.

A. a directive, structured counseling approach.

Which of the following illustrates "diagnostic overshadowing"?

Select one:

A. A therapist lists an inaccurate diagnosis on an insurance form because she knows the insurance company will be unwilling to pay for therapy for the correct diagnosis.

B. A therapist does not recognize a co-existing clinical disorder in an intellectually disabled patient because of the salience of the intellectual disability.

C. A therapist misdiagnoses a patient because the salience of an atypical symptom causes her to overlook the patient's other symptoms.

D. A therapist's own cultural beliefs and values impede her ability to recognize how cultural differences impact diagnosis and treatment.

B. A therapist does not recognize a co-existing clinical disorder in an intellectually disabled patient because of the salience of the intellectual disability.

The multisystems model:

Select one:

A. is not recommended for patriarchal families

B. is only recommended for families that are egalitarian in nature

C. addresses multiple systems, intervenes on multiple levels, and focuses on strengths

D. addresses multiple systems and intervenes on multiple levels, but is not strengths-based

C. addresses multiple systems, intervenes on multiple levels, and focuses on strengths

What are the three approaches to healthcare?

Select one:

A. The Group Model, Open Model, and Regency Model

B. The Stanford Model, Dual Model, and House Model

C. The Open Model, Bismarck Model, and Balanced Model

D. The Private Model, Beveridge Model, and Bismarck Model

D. The Private Model, Beveridge Model, and Bismarck Model

For Minuchin, scapegoating and overprotection of a child by the child's mother and father are both forms of:

Select one:

A. triangulation

B. detouring

C. a stable coalition

D. marital skew

B. detouring

Carl Jung identified which of the following as the source of psychic energy?

Select one:

A. Libido

B. Archetypes

C. Persona

D. Personal unconscious

A. Libido

Which of the following programs best exemplifies a primary prevention program?

Select one:

A. Use of personality tests as screening devices to identify high-risk individuals so those individuals can be provided with appropriate treatment

B. Use of public education programs to inform the public about the negative effects of alcohol abuse

C. Training of primary school teachers to recognize early signs of behavior disorders

D. Programming aimed at reducing relapse among individuals who have struggled with opioid addiction

B. Use of public education programs to inform the public about the negative effects of alcohol abuse

A person-centered (Rogerian) therapist would most likely respond to a client's transference by:

Select one:

A. interpreting it

B. challenging it

C. disregarding it

D. reflecting it

C. disregarding it

Over the course of a year, a therapist who is working with a Native American family, appropriately involves the paternal grandparents, family's spiritual leader, and a school counselor in the treatment process. This practitioner is likely utilizing:

Select one:

A. a primary prevention strategy

B. the Health Belief model

C. network therapy

D. indigenous healing practices

C. network therapy

According to D. W. Sue (1978), an Anglo-American therapist with an internal locus of control and internal locus of responsibility is most likely to experience problems when working with a client who has an:

Select one:

A. external locus of control and internal locus of responsibility

B. external locus of control and external locus of responsibility

C. internal locus of control and external locus of responsibility

D. internal locus of control and internal locus of responsibility

C. internal locus of control and external locus of responsibility

Issues related to attachment, safety, and security would be of most interest to a practitioner of:

Select one:

A. object relations family therapy

B. Milan systemic family therapy

C. reality therapy

D. Adlerian therapy

A. object relations family therapy

Savin-Williams and Diamond (2000) investigated the sexual identity trajectories among sexual-minority youth and found that:

Select one:

A. adolescent females had an earlier onset of all milestones

B. adolescent males had an earlier onset of all milestones

C. adolescent females had an earlier onset of all milestones except first same-sex attraction

D. adolescent males had an earlier onset of all milestone except first disclosure of sexual orientation to another person

D. adolescent males had an earlier onset of all milestone except first disclosure of sexual orientation to another person

Role disputes, role transitions, unresolved grief, and interpersonal deficits are the primary targets of:

Select one:

A. interpersonal therapy

B. reality therapy

C. solution-focused therapy

D. narrative therapy

A. interpersonal therapy

Smith, Glass, and Miller (1980) used meta-analysis to combine the results of 475 psychotherapy outcome studies published between 1941 and 1976 and obtained a mean effect size of ___, which indicated that the average therapy client was "better off" than about 80% percent of individuals who needed therapy but did not receive it.

Select one:

A. 0.4

B. 0.55

C. 0.85

D. 0.98

C. 0.85

Which of the following minimizes deviation and thereby helps a family (or other system) maintain the status quo?

Select one:

A. Negative feedback

B. Positive feedback

C. Joining

D. Paradox

A. Negative feedback

Cross's (1991) Black Racial Identity Development Model predicts that an African American in the pre-encounter stage of identity development will:

Select one:

A. exhibit a great deal of confusion and turmoil related to race

B. have adopted a mainstream (White) identity

C. be hostile to members of all racial/ethnic minority groups

D. exhibit "healthy cultural paranoia"

B. have adopted a mainstream (White) identity

According to Sue and Zane (1987), in terms of ensuring good treatment outcomes, the most important factor in culturally sensitive therapy is:

Select one:

A. demonstrating cultural knowledge

B. using culture-specific techniques

C. using techniques that establish credibility

D. being authentic and empathic

C. using techniques that establish credibility

During your first session with a Japanese client, you decide that your primary goals are to normalize the client's problems and instill a sense of hope. According to Sue and Zane (1987), these goals are:

Select one:

A. examples of "giving"

B. ways of establishing ascribed credibility

C. ways of fostering "amae"

D. manifestations of "cultural expressiveness"

A. examples of "giving"

A therapy client states that she believes she may have been sexually abused as a child but has no explicit memories of the abuse. She asks her therapist - who often uses hypnosis in his practice - to hypnotize her as a means of retrieving those memories. The psychologist is familiar with the statement issued by the APA's Working Group on Investigation of Memories of Child Abuse. Consequently, the psychologist will mostly likely:

Select one:

A. agree to hypnotize the woman but be careful not to ask leading questions

B. agree to hypnotize the woman and then attempt to corroborate any memories of abuse the woman recalls while under hypnosis

C. advise the woman that hypnosis is not an appropriate procedure for retrieving memories because it is likely to produce false recollections of abuse

D. refer the woman to another psychologist who uses hypnosis but is unfamiliar with the woman's suspicions so that the procedure will be more objective

C. advise the woman that hypnosis is not an appropriate procedure for retrieving memories because it is likely to produce false recollections of abuse

From the perspective of structural family therapy, a therapist's failure to __________ is likely to produce resistance among family members.

Select one:

A. form a therapeutic triangle

B. join the family

C. act as a "blank screen"

D. remain disengaged from the family's emotional system

B. join the family

For Irvin Yalom (1985), seeing a client in both individual therapy and group therapy is inadvisable because:

Select one:

A. the client will spend too much time in individual therapy discussing problems that arise during the group

B. the client will terminate individual therapy prematurely because of the benefits he/she is deriving from the group

C. participation in individual therapy may decrease the client's involvement and participation in the group

D. participation in both individual and group therapy is likely to be too anxiety-evoking for most clients

C. participation in individual therapy may decrease the client's involvement and participation in the group

During the first therapy session with a husband and wife who are experiencing marital problems, a therapist requests that, during the next week, they identify things in their relationship that they want to continue. Most likely, this therapist is a practitioner of:

Select one:

A. psychoeducational family therapy

B. behavioral marital therapy

C. interpersonal therapy

D. solution-focused therapy

D. solution-focused therapy

From the Freudian perspective, interpretation:

Select one:

A. is appropriate only during the final "working through" phase of therapy

B. is most useful when it evokes material at the deepest level of the unconscious

C. helps the client uncover and gain insight into unconscious material

D. involves restating and clarifying the client's statements in clearer terms

C. helps the client uncover and gain insight into unconscious material