Chemistry Laboratory Experiments Overview

Flashcards created from chemistry laboratory notes covering various experiments and concepts related to density determination, chemical reactions, titration, spectroscopy, and gravimetry.

Density

Mass per unit volume of a substance; used to determine solute concentration.

Calibration Curve

Graph that shows the relationship between the density of a solution and the concentration of solute.

Percent Sugar

The concentration of sugar in a solution expressed as a percentage of total weight.

Precipitation Reaction

A chemical reaction that occurs when two aqueous solutions react to form an insoluble solid.

Net Ionic Equation

An equation that shows only the species that actually change during the reaction, omitting spectator ions.

Spectrophotometer

An instrument used to measure how much light a chemical substance absorbs.

Beer's Law

A relationship that states the concentration of a substance is directly proportional to the amount of light absorbed by the solution.

Titration

A quantitative chemical analysis method used to determine the concentration of an identified analyte.

Mass Percent

The mass of a component divided by the total mass of the sample, multiplied by 100%.

Spectator Ions

Ions that do not participate in a chemical reaction and are not included in the net ionic equation.

Phenolphthalein

A chemical indicator used to determine pH levels in titrations; turns pink in basic solutions.

Back Titration

An analytical method where an excess of reactant is added to the analyte and the excess is titrated.

Primary Standard

A substance that is pure, stable, and has a known concentration, used to calibrate solutions in titrations.

Gravimetry

An analytical technique based on the mass measurement of an analyte or its derivative.

Limiting Reactant

The reactant that is consumed first in a chemical reaction, limiting the amount of product that can be formed.

Excess Reactant

The reactant that remains after the completion of a chemical reaction.

Acid-Base Reaction

A reaction in which an acid and a base react to form salt and water.

Absorbance

The amount of light that a sample absorbs; correlated with the concentration of a substance.

Transmittance

The amount of light that passes through a sample.

Dilution

The process of reducing the concentration of a solute in a solution by adding more solvent.

Electromagnetic Spectrum

The range of all types of electromagnetic radiation.