AER115 Midterm Review

At a minimum, prepared checklists should be used for the following phases of flight, according to the PHAK name them in order.

Preflight inspection, before engine start, engine starting, before taxiing, before takeoff, after takeoff, cruise, descent, before landing, after landing, Engine shutdown and securing

Of the above phases of flight list two Critical phases of flight. 

takeoff / landing

Explain in detail the Risks associated with one of the critical phases you have listed.

free answer

An airplane flies by creating a __x_ force on a mass of air is equal to its own  ___ . In return, this mass of air produces an ___ force on the airplane and supports it.

downward

An airplane flies by creating a ___ force on a mass of air is equal to its own  _x__ . In return, this mass of air produces an ___ force on the airplane and supports it.

weight

An airplane flies by creating a ___ force on a mass of air is equal to its own  ___ . In return, this mass of air produces an _x__ force on the airplane and supports it.

upward

When an airfoil moves through the air, the _x__ wind strikes it at an angle called the angle of ___.

relative

When an airfoil moves through the air, the ___ wind strikes it at an angle called the angle of __x_.

attack

Five things affect the amount of air deflected downward:__x_ of the airfoil, ___ of attack, ___ of the airfoil, ___ density of the , ___ speed of the .

shape

Five things affect the amount of air deflected downward:___ of the airfoil, __x_ of attack, ___ of the airfoil, ___ density of the , ___ speed of the .

angle

Five things affect the amount of air deflected downward:___ of the airfoil, ___ of attack, __x_ of the airfoil, ___ density of the , ___ speed of the .

area

Five things affect the amount of air deflected downward:___ of the airfoil, ___ of attack, ___ of the airfoil, density of the __x_ , speed of the .

air

Five things affect the amount of air deflected downward:___ of the airfoil, ___ of attack, ___ of the airfoil, density of the ___ , speed of the __x_.

air

In straight and level flight at a constant airspeed and altitude, the five forces are in balance on an airplane.

__x_, acting forward, is caused by the propeller moving air rearward.

___, acting perpendicular to the relative wind, is caused by the wing deflecting air downward.

___, of the aircraft, caused by gravity, acts toward the center of the earth.

___, acting in the direction opposite to thrust, is caused by the resistance of the air as the aircraft moves through it.

___, load is a downward aerodynamic force produced by the horizontal tail deflecting air upward.

thrust

In straight and level flight at a constant airspeed and altitude, the five forces are in balance on an airplane.

___, acting forward, is caused by the propeller moving air rearward.

__x_, acting perpendicular to the relative wind, is caused by the wing deflecting air downward.

___, of the aircraft, caused by gravity, acts toward the center of the earth.

___, acting in the direction opposite to thrust, is caused by the resistance of the air as the aircraft moves through it.

___, load is a downward aerodynamic force produced by the horizontal tail deflecting air upward.

lift

In straight and level flight at a constant airspeed and altitude, the five forces are in balance on an airplane.

___, acting forward, is caused by the propeller moving air rearward.

___, acting perpendicular to the relative wind, is caused by the wing deflecting air downward.

__x_, of the aircraft, caused by gravity, acts toward the center of the earth.

___, acting in the direction opposite to thrust, is caused by the resistance of the air as the aircraft moves through it.

___, load is a downward aerodynamic force produced by the horizontal tail deflecting air upward.

weight

In straight and level flight at a constant airspeed and altitude, the five forces are in balance on an airplane.

___, acting forward, is caused by the propeller moving air rearward.

___, acting perpendicular to the relative wind, is caused by the wing deflecting air downward.

___, of the aircraft, caused by gravity, acts toward the center of the earth.

__x_, acting in the direction opposite to thrust, is caused by the resistance of the air as the aircraft moves through it.

___, load is a downward aerodynamic force produced by the horizontal tail deflecting air upward.

drag

In straight and level flight at a constant airspeed and altitude, the five forces are in balance on an airplane.

___, acting forward, is caused by the propeller moving air rearward.

___, acting perpendicular to the relative wind, is caused by the wing deflecting air downward.

___, of the aircraft, caused by gravity, acts toward the center of the earth.

___, acting in the direction opposite to thrust, is caused by the resistance of the air as the aircraft moves through it.

__x_, load is a downward aerodynamic force produced by the horizontal tail deflecting air upward.

tail

Newtons LEXIII

“Actioni contrariam seper et aequalem esse reactionem: sive corproum duorum actiones in se mutuo semper esse aequales et in pantes contrailas diriqi”

Please write Newtons 3rd Law.

For every action there is an equal but opposite reaction

The Axis that passes through the CG and Parallel to the line from nose to tail is the [answer 1].

Longitudinal

The Axis that passes parallel to a line from wingtip to wingtip is the [answer 1].

Lateral

The Axis that passes through the CG at right angles to the other two axes is the  [answer 1].

Vertical

_x_is the inherent quality of an aircraft to __ for conditions that may disturb its _ and return to or continue the original flight path.

stability

__is the inherent quality of an aircraft to _x_ for conditions that may disturb its _ and return to or continue the original flight path.

correct

__is the inherent quality of an aircraft to __ for conditions that may disturb its _x and return to or continue the original flight path.

equilibrium

Static stability, in aviation it refers to the aircrafts [answer 1] tendency.

initial

Name three types of static stability:

neutral, positive, negative

Name three Primary flight controls

aileron, elevators, rudder

Name three secondary flight controls.

Flaps, trim, spoilers

Dynamic stability is [answer1] over time.

tendency

The 1903 Wright flyer was intrinsically [answer1] in pitch and roll.

unstable

Two elements are vital in the weight and balance consideration of an aircraft.

Total Weight, center of gravity

Too much weight on an aircraft   can cause many types of problems, list 10

longer landing roll, Higher take off speed, longer take off run, reduced rate and angle of climb, lower maximum altitude, shorter range, reduced cruising speed, reduced maneuvering, higher stalling speed, higher approach and landing speed

The CG outside of the allowable limits can cause

1 ____________x__________longitudinal stability

2 ______________________elevator authority

decreased

The CG outside of the allowable limits can cause

1 ______________________longitudinal stability

2 ____________x__________elevator authority

decreased

Weight and balance problems are based on the physical Law of the___________.

lever

A_____________is a force that tries to cause rotation and is the product of the arm in inches and the weight in pounds.

moment

Name the Five Structural Loads on an Aircraft.

Tension, Compression, Torsion, bending, shear

Pascal’s Law

Basic Principles Liquids

Liquids have no _____x________are ____________, transmit force in all directions, _______________ and multiply _________________.

shape

Pascal’s Law

Basic Principles Liquids

Liquids have no _____________are ______x______, transmit force in all directions, _______________ and multiply _________________.

incompressible

Pascal’s Law

Basic Principles Liquids

Liquids have no _____________are ____________, transmit force in all directions, ______x_________ and multiply _________________.

equally

Pascal’s Law

Basic Principles Liquids

Liquids have no _____________are ____________, transmit force in all directions, _______________ and multiply __________x_______.

pressure

Hydraulic System

 A small —x- applied to the smaller piston can lift a —- load on the larger piston.

force

Hydraulic System

 A small —- applied to the smaller piston can lift a —x-- load on the larger piston.

greater

Two types of Hydraulic Systems

open systems, closed systes

Name 6 common elements of an aircraft hydraulics system

Reservoir, Filter, Pump, Actuator, relief valves, selector

What holds the landing gear system in the up position after you raise the gear handle, in flight? 

hydraulic pressure

Name 8 Common elements of a Fuel System.

fuel tanks, fuel selectors, fuel gauges, strainers, sumps, drains, fuel pumps, fuel primer

Their are two common classifications applying to fuel systems in small aircraft. They are called"

gravity fed, fuel pump

What is an octane rating?

Fuels resistance to detonation 

What is vapor lock?

free answer

Name three types of aircraft fuel and their color.

100LL Blue, 100 Green, Jet Straw

Aviation gasoline is rated by a number that pertains to

    1. Its ability to resist __x_. This is sometimes

    2, Referred to as its rating.

detonation

Aviation gasoline is rated by a number that pertains to

    1. Its ability to resist . This is sometimes

    2, Referred to as its__x_ rating.

octane

What is detonation?

free answer

The capacity of a battery is measured in _______-hours.

amp

The Cessna 172 is equipped with a (1)_x_ volt, direct current electrical system. The system is powered by a belt-driven, (2)__ -amp alternator and a (3)__ -volt battery.

28

The Cessna 172 is equipped with a (1)__ volt, direct current electrical system. The system is powered by a belt-driven, (2)_x_ -amp alternator and a (3)__ -volt battery.

60

The Cessna 172 is equipped with a (1)__ volt, direct current electrical system. The system is powered by a belt-driven, (2)__ -amp alternator and a (3)_x_ -volt battery.

24

Equipment that commonly uses the electrical system for its source of energy includes?

navigation lights, anti-collision lights, landing lights, taxi lights, cabin lights

To read an electrical schematic what three things do you need to know?

Power, load, ground

1

left

2

right

3

magnetos

4

battery alternator master switch

5

external power

6

battery

7

external power relay

8

starter

9

battery relay

10

starter relay

11

ammeter

12

alternator

13

alternator relay

14

ignition switch

The Aneroid wafers inside the Altimeter are sealed at how many inches of mercury? ___________________

29.92

The characteristic of a gyroscope that prevents its axis of rotation tilting as the earth rotates is ____________in space.

rigidity

_________________is the characteristic of a gyroscope that causes an applied force to be felt, not at the point the force is applied, but at a point 90 degrees in the direction of rotation from that point.

Correct!

precession

Which instruments would be affected by excessively low pressure in the airplanes vacuum system? 

attitude indicator, heading indicator, turn coordinator

Although the VSI operates solely from static pressure, it is a differential pressure instrument. It contains a diaphragm with connecting linkage and gearing to the indicator pointer inside an airtight case. The inside of the diaphragm is connected directly to static line of the pitot-static system. The area outside the diaphragm, which is inside the instrument case, is also connected to the static line through a restricted orifice, known as the ____________________.

calibrated leak

blocked pitot tube with open drain hole (airspeed)

zero

blocked pitot tube with open drain hole (altimeter)

normal

blocked pitot tube with open drain hole (VSI)

normal

blocked pitot tube and drain hole (airspeed)

high in climb, low in descent

blocked pitot tube and drain hole (altimeter)

normal

blocked pitot tube and drain hole (VSI)

normal

blocked static line, normal pitot pressure (airspeed)

low in climb, high in descent

blocked static line, normal pitot pressure (altimeter)

frozen

blocked static line, normal pitot pressure (VSI)

frozen at 0

What are the basic design components of an aircraft vacuum system, name 7:

filter, vacuum pump, suction gauge, vacuum relief valve, attitude indicator, heading indicator, overboard vent line

Which instruments would be affected by excessively low pressure in the airplane vacuum system?

attitude indicator, heading indicator

What is true altitude? 

height above sea level

Under which condition is indicated altitude the same as true altitude?

sea level at standard conditions

Air data computer (ADC). An aircraft computer that receives and processes _x_ , ___ , and ___ to calculate very precise altitude, indicated airspeed, true airspeed, and air temperature.

pitot pressure

Air data computer (ADC). An aircraft computer that receives and processes __ , _x__ , and ___ to calculate very precise altitude, indicated airspeed, true airspeed, and air temperature.

static pressure

Air data computer (ADC). An aircraft computer that receives and processes __ , ___ , and __x_ to calculate very precise altitude, indicated airspeed, true airspeed, and air temperature.

temperature

Define rigidity in space? 

free answer (simple -gyroscope being fixed in space while rotating)

Define precession.

free answer (easy - A force felt 90 degrees later on the plane of rotation)

The yaw string, also known as a slip string, is a simple device for indicating a __x_ in an ___ in flight. It performs the same function as the ___ ball.

slip and skid

The yaw string, also known as a slip string, is a simple device for indicating a ___ in an _x__ in flight. It performs the same function as the ___ ball.

slip and skid