Gen Bio 2 Chapter 3 Eukaryotes

The Eukaryotic tree is a

Polytomy

Ancestors of all Eukaryotes

DNA in a Nucleus

Membrane- Bound Organelles

Cytoplasm

Size typically 10-100 um

Endosymbiont theory

Mitochondria and chloroplasts ancestors where engulfed by a bacteria

Serial Endosymbiosis

Happens in a series

Primary phagocytosis of an aerobic _________________ led to ____________________

Alpha proteobacteria & Mitochondria

__________________ led to red and green Algae (Chloroplast)

Cyanobacteria

Primary Endosymbiosis

Bacteria that is engulfed (Prokaryote is engulfed)

Secondary Endosymbiosis

Eukaryote is engulfed

Possessing a mitochondria is a ____________________ characteristic for Eukaryotes

Homologous ( Passed down from CA)

Chloroplast is a

Photosynthetic Bacterium

Secondary Phagocytosis

Red & green algae led to 2nd endosymbiosis

Plastids

Organelles that resulted from 2nd endosymbiosis

Monophyletic Supergroup

All come from the same Eukaryotic Ancestor

Archeaplastida shared ancestral traits

Primary endosymbiosis of Chloroplast

Red Algae red pigment is

Phycoerythrin

2 main groups for green algae

Chlorophytes & Charophytes

SAR shared derived traits

Genetic Characteristic

Secondary Endosymbiosis of Red Algae

Stramenopiles derived trait

long "hairy" flagellum & shorter "smooth" flagellum

Alveolates derived trait

Alveoli - flattened vesicle just inside the PM; supports membrane

Rhizarians derived traits

Skeletal structure of Calcium (CaCO3) or Silica

Amobazoa derived traits

Psuedopodia - lobe-shaped Amoeba

Opisthokonta derived traits

Cell with a flagellum

Nucleariids

Sister taxa to fungi

Choanoflagellates

Sister taxa to Animal

Discoba derived trait

Crystalline rod flagellum

Examples of Discobas

Trypanosomes & Euglenids

Euglenids derived trait

Secondary endosymbiosis of green algae

Mixotrophs

Photochemoautoheterotrophs