AP World History: Modern Period 2 (1450 - 1750)

Historical developments of units 3 and 4

Empires Expand (Topic 3.1)

[GOV] Imperial expansion relied on the increased use of gunpowder, cannons, and armed trade to establish large empires in both hemispheres.

Empires Expand (Topic 3.1)

[GOV] Land empires included the Manchu in Central and East Asia; the Mughal in South and Central Asia; the Ottoman in Southern Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa; and the Safavids in the Middle East.

Empires Expand (Topic 3.1)

[GOV] Political and religious disputes led to rivalries and conflict between states.

Empire Administration (Topic 3.2)

[GOV] Recruitment and use of bureaucratic elites, as well as the development of military professionals, became more common among rulers who wanted to maintain centralized control over their populations and resources.

Empire Administration (Topic 3.2)

[GOV] Rulers continued to use religious ideas, art, and Monumental Architecture to legitimize their rule.Empire Administration (Topic 3.2)

Empire Administration (Topic 3.2)

[GOV] Rulers used tribute collection, tax farming, and innovative tax-collection systems to generate revenue in order to forward state power and expansion.

Empires: Belief Systems (Topic 3.3)

[CDI] The Protestant Reformation marked a break with existing Christian traditions and both the Protestant and the Catholic reformations contributed to the growth of Christianity.

Empires: Belief Systems (Topic 3.3)

[CDI] Political rivalries between the Ottoman and Safavid empires intensified the split within Islam between Sunni and Shi’a.

Empires: Belief Systems (Topic 3.3)

[CDI] Sikhism developed in South Asia in a context of interactions between Hinduism and Islam.

Technological Innovations from 1450 to 1750 (Topic 4.1)

[TEC] Knowledge, scientific learning, and technology from the Classical, Islamic, and Asia worlds spread, facilitating European technological developments and innovation.

Technological Innovations from 1450 to 1750 (Topic 4.1)

[TEC] The developments included the production of new tools, innovations in ship designs, and an improved understanding of regional wind and currents patterns—all of which made transoceanic travel and trade possible.

Exploration: Causes and Events from 1450 to 1750 (Topic 4.2)

[GOV] New state-supported transoceanic maritime exploration occurred in this period.

Exploration: Causes and Events from 1450 to 1750 (Topic 4.2)

[ECN] Portuguese development of maritime technology and navigational skills led to increased travel to and trade with Africa and Asia and resulted in the construction of a global trading-post empire.

Exploration: Causes and Events from 1450 to 1750 (Topic 4.2)

[ECN] Spanish sponsorship of the voyage of Columbus and subsequent voyages across the Atlantic and Pacific dramatically increased European interest in transoceanic travel and trade.

Exploration: Causes and Events from 1450 to 1750 (Topic 4.2)

[ECN] Northern Atlantic crossings were undertaken under English, French, and Dutch sponsorship, often with the goal of finding alternative sailing routes to Asia.

Columbian Exchange (Topic 4.3)

[ENV]