electrolytes

hyperkalemia

HR and urine output decrease

Everything else increases: tall p-waves, elevates st waves, diarrhea, tachypnea, muscle spasticity, +3/4 reflexes

hypokalemia

HR and urineoutput increase

Everything else decreases: lethargy, bradypnea, hypoactive bowels, flacid, +1 reflexes

Hypercalcemia

Everything goes down

Hypocalcemia

everything goes high

Chovostek’s sign

touch cheek: face spasm

hypocalcemia

trousseaus sign

Put BP cuff on arm and then hand spasms

hypocalcemia

If symptom involves nerve or skeletal muscle

pick Ca

hypernatremia

dehydration

hyponatremia

overhydration

hypermagnesia

everything goes down

hypomagnesia

everything goes up

in a tie dont pick

magnesium

paresthesia

numb/ tingling

early sign of any electrolyte imbalance

ALL electrolyte disorders cause

muscle weakness (paresis)

No more than ___ of K per K of IV fluid

40

to fix hyperkalemia

D5W with R insulin