BIO 111 Semi Final Exam

What is the first part of the scientific process?

Observation

One qualitative observatiion

Black colored leaves

One quantitative observation

One black circle

Make an inference

The warmer the temperature of the room is, the worse the average test scores are for students

What would be a control variable?

what doesn’t change like the students in the room

IV goes on what axis?

X axis

DV goes on what axis?

Y axis

Experimental group

The one receiving the change

Hypothesis

An If, Then statement

3 things plant cells have that animals cells don’t have

Chloroplasts, large central vacuoles, and cell walls

Differences between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells

Euk: Bigger, Nucleus to store DNA, Organelles to divide up labor

Prok: Smaller, no nucleus, everything mixed inside the cell

All cells have what?

Cytoplasm, cell membrane, and DNA

How can protists be both animal and plant like?

Some protists complete photosynthesis like a plant while others can move and hunt like an animal

Calculate the total magnification of your microscope if you have an objective lens at 8x power

Ocular lens (10x) * Objective Lens (8x) = 80x total magnification

Diversity of protists found

number of different protist species found

Abundance

total # of one or all protists depending on the question

Diffusion

The process where molecules move from high concentration to low concentration until they reach equilibrium

Osmosis

The movement of water toward an area of high solute concentration from low solute. (Water is extroverted and wants to go hang out with all the solute (salt, sugar, etc.)

A semi-permeable membrane allows

Small molecules to pass through but not big ones

Solvent

Normally water / does the dissolving

Isotonic

The environment of the cell is equilibrium

Hypotonic

More molecules are inside the cell, so water moves in and swells the cell (swells like a hippo)

Solute

Gets dissolved

Hypertonic

More molecules are outside of the cell so water moves out and the cell shrivels (hyper need out)

Entropy

2nd law of Thermodynamics, things will naturally tend towards disorder

If temp increases diffusion will

Speed up

2 things that affect the rate of diffusion

Size of the molecules (smaller speeds up) and concentration gradient (steep speeds up)

Equation for cellular respiration

1 C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂  6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O

Two things besides glucose and water that plants need to complete photosynthesis

Sun (energy) and chlorophyll found in chloroplast

Large molecules

Large molecules have more potential energy because more energy was put into making them

Combustion requires a fuel source

True

Where did the carbon in the wood come from?

Came from carbon in the environment, which came from someone exhaling CO2

Abiotic part of the environment

nonliving

biotic part of the environment

living

Energy enters the pyramid in what part

Sun

Energy leaves the pyramid in what part

Heat

Low DO levels in water =

low macro-invertebrate diversity = low quality rating

Macro-invertebrates are helpful in terms of pollution because:

Don’t move around a lot

Some are sensitive and some are tolerant to pollution

Easy to collect

They live less than 1 year

Sensitive species to pollution

ranked higher when determining water quality ratings

Detritus feeders

have mouths

decomposers

absorb their food

Only gender that can be heterozygous given a sex-linked trait

female

Type A blood has type _____ antigens

A

Type A blood has type ____ antibodies

B

Type O blood has type ____ antigens

None

Type O blood has type ____ antibodies

AB

3 things on a skull that can classify the organism

Eye socket placement

Tooth type

Nasal Turbinate

Incisors

Primary and secondary consumers

Canines

secondary consumers

Molars

primary consumers

Have nasal turbinates to warm up the air they breathe in

Mammals

eyes on front

predator

eyes on side

prey

what covers the ends of bones at joints to provide cushioning?

cartilage

connects bone to bone

ligament

connects muscle to bone

tendon

what is bone marrow the production site for?

red and white blood cells

traits that have evolved from a common ancestor

homologous

traits that have evolved to be similar from environmental factors

analogous