Cell Structures and Functions in Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic CellsCell Structures and Functions in Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells

Cell Membrane

Structures that are similar in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Chloroplast

The structures that convert light energy into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Translation and folding of new proteins takes place in this structure

Flagellum

A structure that helps certain types of cell move

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Site where lipids and phospholipids are synthesized

Ribosomes

An organelle made of rRNA and protein responsible for the translation of RNA into protein

Golgi Apparatus

The structure responsible for packaging proteins and other materials before they are sent to their destination

Mitochondria

The structure responsible for energy production from the breakdown of glucose and the release of ATP

Nucleus

The structure where DNA is regulated, maintained and transcribed into RNA

Centrioles

A structure that is part of the cytoskeleton and is key in organising cell division by forming spindle fibers

Nuclear Envelope

A double lipid bilayer membrane which surrounds the genetic material in eukaryotic cells

Vesicle

A single membrane compartment or sac used to transport materials around the cell

Nucleolus

A non-membrane bound structure in the nucleus that produces ribosomal RNA

Vacuole

A membrane-bound organelle filled with water, important in the maintenance of homeostasis

Lysosome

An organelle that contains digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris

Chromosomes

An organized, condensed structure of DNA containing many genes and nucleotide sequences

Cell Wall

A tough, flexible layer located outside the cell membrane that provides structural support and protection

Organelle

A specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function, usually enclosed within its own lipid bilayer