APUSH Unit 3

Revolutionary War - War Aims/Strategy (American)

Guerilla warfare (using militia from states)
Surprise attacks when the enemy least expects it
Surround the enemy

Revolutionary War - War Aims/Strategy (British)

Isolate New England from the South

Revolutionary War - Advantages/Disadvantages (Americans)

Advantages:
Fight on own land
Alliance with French and Spanish
Support of Patriots and Continental Congress
Only have to win, not lose
Currency tax

Weaknesses:
Internal division
Economic weakness (printing more money to fund war)
No navy
Smallpox

Revolutionary War - Advantages/Disadvantages (British)

Advantages:
Strong army and navy

Weaknesses:
People back at home don’t care
Resistance

Revolutionary War - Saratoga

Gained alliance with France, led by Horatio Gates

Revolutionary War - Yorktown

Britain gives up war effort, Washington secretly surrounded Cornwallis with militia, who surrendered

Revolutionary War - Role of the South

Britain wanted to focus on the South and Washington didn’t want enslaved people to fight at first, but relented

Philipsburg Proclamation: enslaved that fled to Britain would be given freedom

Revolutionary War - Native American response

Sided with Britain and didn’t want the colonists to keep intruding on their land

Revolutionary War - French response

Alliance with the colonies, wanted to retrieve land and just has rivalry with Britain

Peace of Paris (agreements vs reality)

Agreements:
Britain recognized independence, gave up land

Reality:
Britain held on to land in the Great Lakes region for a little longer and didn’t advocate for native allies

Articles of Confederation - Central vs. State Powers

State should have more power than central government

Articles of Confederation - Weaknesses

No executive or judiciary, so no “checks and balances”
Couldn’t tax or create an army
Each state had only one vote regardless of population

Northwest Ordinance 1787

New territories Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota
Slavery banned in the northwest
Congress appoints territorial governor when state is first created
Once there are 5,000 free adult males, then they can set up a legislative
States must have a population of 60,000 and a constitution before joining the Union

Shays’ Rebellion

Massachusetts government raises taxes, farmers are angered and this shows the problem with the Articles of Confederation: it gives states too much power, so a strong central government is needed

Constitutional Convention - Compromises - Bicameral Legislature

Two houses in Congress: the Senate (2 votes per state) and House of Representatives (seats based on population)

Constitutional Convention - Compromises - 3/5 Clause

An enslaved person is worth 3/5 of a person for representation in government and taxation purposes

Constitutional Convention - Compromises - Federalism

Federal government can tax, create an army and navy, and regulate foreign and interstate trade and commerce, increasing power

Constitutional Convention - Compromises - Bill of Rights

Antifederalists wanted a bill of rights to protect individual liberties, since they opposed a strong central government that could lead to tyranny

Constitutional Convention - Virginia Plan (favor large states)

1. National government has supremacy and can override state laws
2. Government established by people, not states
3. Three-tier election system, voters elect the lower house, lower house elects upper house

Constitutional Convention - New Jersey Plan (favor small states)

1. Kept unicameral Congress, one vote per state
2. Congress has power to raise revenue, control commerce, and make binding requisitons

Constitutional Convention - Separation of Powers (“Checks and Balances)

Three branches of government to limit the power of the others: executive, judicial, legislative

Constitutional Convention - Slave Trade

Atlantic slave trade can continue for 20 more years until 1808, when the importation of slaves will be banned

Constitutional Convention - Fugitive Slave Clause

Slaves that run away from an owner can be recaptured and brought back. If they are dead during the process, the owner will be compensated for their loss.

Creation of Washington, D.C. as Capitol

Placed near Maryland, a slave state, to ensure that national government will still listen to southerns
Showed compromise at first to ease tensions in creating a new country

George Washington

Commander of Continental Army and first President of the USA

Federalists

Supported a strong central government

Federalist Papers

Written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison, trying to convince the public people to support the Constitution and how the checks and balances work to protect from the concentration of power in one branch of government

Federalist #10

Written by James Madison, arguing that a larger and stronger national government can better protect the liberties of the people

Publius

Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison’s pseudonym name on the Federalist Papers

Alexander Hamilton

Expanded power of national government and established financial stability

James Madison

Father of the Constitution, drafted the Bill of Rights, was a Federalist at first

John Jay

Forgotten Founding Father, contributed to Federalist Papers

Anti-Federalists

Opposed a strong central government, fearing tyranny or concentration of power among the wealthy

Thomas Jefferson

Drafted the Declaration of Independence, borrowing ideas from John Locke