Chemistry - Lesson 3 (Physical and Chemical Properties)

What is a physical property (what are the two types)

Characteristic of matter that can be observed/measured without changing its chemical identity

Can be qualitative or quantitative

What is a qualitative physical property?

Characteristic that can be observed (using senses) and described using words

What is a quantitative physical property?

Characteristic that can be measured and described using numbers and units

What are all of the qualitative physical properties?

State, color, clarity, luster, hardness, brittleness, form, texture, malleability, ductility, viscosity, odor, taste, conductivity

Define "State"

What state of matter is it? Solid, liquid, gas

Define "Color"

What color is it? Blue, pink, colorless etc.

Define "Clarity"

How much light can pass through an object:

Transparent - all light

Translucent - some light

Opaque - no light

Define "Luster"

How shiny (high luster) or dull (low luster) something is

Define "Hardness"

Can it easily be scratched? What is its resistance to pressure? (ex. very hard, soft, etc.)

Define "Britteness"

How easy it to break the substance? Is it brittle or flexible?

Define "Form"

Crystalline - Regularly shaped with defined edges and faces

Amorphous - Irregularly shaped with curved or uneven surfaces

Define "Texture"

How does an object feel? (ex. fine, coarse, waxy, slippery, smooth, rough, etc)

Define "Malleability"

The ability to flatten a material (malleable or non malleable)

Define "Ductility"

The ability to make a material into a wire (ductile or non ductile)

Define "Viscosity"

Applies only to liquids - a runny liquid has a low viscosity and a thick liquid has a high viscosity

Define "Odor"

How a substance smells (ex. odorless, stinky, sharp, pleasant, flowery, etc.)

Define "Taste"

How a substance tastes (ex. sweet, sour, salty, bitter etc.)

Define "Conductivity"

The ability for solids and liquids to transfer heat or electricity

What are the four quantitative physical properties?

Melting point, boiling point, density, solubility

Define "Melting Point"

The temperature that melting occurs

Define "Boiling Point"

The temperature that boiling occurs

Define "Density"

A measure of how much mass is in a certain volume of the substance

Define "Solubility"

The number of grans of a substance that will dissolve in a particular liquid

What are chemical properties?

Characteristic of matter that is observed during a reaction in which the chemical composition or identity of the substance is changed

What are the five chemical properties?

Flammability, Toxicity, Combustibility, Reactivity with other chemicals, heat of combustion

Define "Flammability"

The ability of a chemical to burn or ignite, causing fire

Define "Toxicity"

The degree to which a substance can damage an organism

Define "Combustibility"

A measure of how easily a substance bursts into flame, through fire or combustion (heat must be applied first)

Define "Reactivity with other chemicals"

The tendency of a substance to undergo a chemical reactions with other materials to release energy

Define "Heat of Combustion"

The amount of heat released when a substance is completely burned