Day 1

Key motivators for species survival

-Eating and reproducing are essential for any species' survival

-If these two processes do not occur, the species will eventually become extinct

Primary motivator

for species survival includes the need to eat and reproduce, ensuring the continuation of the species

Secondary motivator

includes factors such as finding shelter, avoiding predators, and social interactions that support survival.

Intrinsic theory

is a psychological framework that suggests motivation comes from within an individual, driven by personal satisfaction and fulfillment rather than external rewards.

Achievement motivation

refers to an individual's drive to pursue and attain goals, often characterized by a desire for competence and success.

Optimal arousal theory

is a psychological concept that posits individuals are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal, which varies between individuals and influences their performance and behavior.

Drive reduction theory

is a psychological concept that suggests motivation arises from the need to reduce drives, such as hunger or thirst, to achieve a state of homeostasis.

Incentive theory

is a psychological theory that suggests behavior is motivated by external rewards and incentives, rather than internal drives.

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

is a psychological framework that categorizes human needs into a five-tier model, ranging from basic physiological needs to self-actualization, suggesting that individuals must satisfy lower-level needs before addressing higher-level needs. Environmental obstacles can impede progress through the hierarchy, affecting overall motivation and well-being.

Psychological triggers for food

-Visual and olfactory cues can stimulate hunger (e.g., sight or smell of food).

-When food is scarce, the mind can become fixated on food, as illustrated by the story of Louis Zamperini.

Physical triggers of food

-Lack of blood glucose is communicated to the brain, inducing hunger.

-The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in signaling hunger (lateral hypothalamus) and satiety (ventromedial hypothalamus):

• Orexin: A hormone that signals hunger.

• Leptin: A hormone indicating satiety. These hormones help regulate energy balance and appetite, influencing when we feel hungry or full.

Cultural impact on eating habits

refers to how cultural practices, traditions, and social norms shape dietary choices, meal patterns, and food preferences across different societies. Factors such as religion, family customs, and regional availability of foods play a significant role in determining what and how people eat.

Food cues and consumption

-Exposure to food can lead to increased eating, regardless of hunger.

-Comfort foods are often high in fats and sugars, leading to dopamine release and short-term emotional boosts.

-Keeping a food diary can help individuals become aware of their eating habits and patterns to control unnecessary consumption.