CELS191 Lecture 14: Eukaryotic Cell Division - Mitosis

Flashcards for CELS191 Lecture 14 focusing on vocabulary related to Eukaryotic Cell Division, Mitosis, and genetic terminology.

Karyotype

An ordered, visual representation of the chromosomes in a cell.

Chromosome

A thread-like structure composed of DNA and proteins that carries genetic information.

Gene

A defined region of DNA that produces a type of RNA molecule, functioning as hereditary information.

Locus

The specific location of a gene on a chromosome.

Homologous chromosomes

A pair of chromosomes with the same genes, one inherited from each parent.

Allele

An alternative version of a gene.

Interphase

The phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows and duplicates its chromosomes.

Mitosis

The process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells.

Cytokinesis

The division of cytoplasm, producing two daughter cells after mitosis.

Prophase

The first phase of mitosis where chromosomes condense and the mitotic spindle begins to form.

Prometaphase

The phase of mitosis where the nuclear envelope breaks down and chromosomes fully condense.

Metaphase

The stage of mitosis where duplicated chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate.

Anaphase

The phase of mitosis where sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.

Telophase

The final phase of mitosis where daughter nuclei form and chromosomes begin to de-condense.

Centromere

The region of a chromosome where sister chromatids are joined.

Sister chromatids

Identical copies of a chromosome connected by a centromere.

Acellular microbes

Organisms like viruses that do not consist of cells.

Eukaryotic cell

A cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Prokaryotic cell

A simple cell without a nucleus, such as bacteria and archaea.

Genome

The complete set of genetic information for an organism.

Diploid

A cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.