[PSM] Glycolysis

Hexokinase

Enzyme: Glucose → G6P

Glucose → G6P

Reaction: Hexokinase

Phosphoglucose Isomerase

Enzyme: G6P → F6P

G6P → F6P

Reaction: Phosphoglucose isomerase

Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)

Enzyme: F6P → F-1,6-bisphosphate

F6P → F1,6-bisphosphate

Reaction: PFK-1

Aldolase

Enzyme: F-1,6-bisphosphate → DHAP + G3P

F-1,6-bisphosphate → DHAP + G3P

Enzyme: Aldolase

Triose phosphate isomerase

Enzyme: DHAP → G3P

DHAP → G3P

Reaction: Triose phosphate isomerase

G3P Dehydrogenase

Enzyme: G3P → 1,3-BPG

G3P → 1,3-BPG

Reaction: G3P Dehydrogenase

Phosphoglycerate Kinase

Enzyme: 1,3-BPG → 3PG

1,3-BPG → 3PG

Reaction: Phosphoglycerate kinase

Phosphoglycerate mutase

Enzyme: 3PG → 2PG

3PG → 2PG

Reaction: Phosphoglycerate mutase

Enolase

Enzyme: 2PG → Phosphoenolpyruvate

2PG → Phosphoenolpyruvate

Reaction: Enolase

Pyruvate kinase

Enzyme: PEP → Pyruvate

PEP → Pyruvate

Reaction: Pyruvate kinase

ATP: 2 (4 produced, 2 used)
NADH: 2
Pyruvate: 2

Net yield of glycolysis per 1 glucose molecule

F6P → F-1,6-BP by PFK-1 (allosteric regulation)

Rate limiting step of glycolysis

Aerobic: Pyruvate enters TCA cycle via pyruvate dehydrogenase
Anaerobic: Pyruvate can undergo lactic acid fermentation (pyruvate → lactate), such as in Lactobacillus; Pyruvate can undergo alcoholic fermentation (pyruvate → ethanol + CO2) such as in S. cerevisiae

What are the possible fates of pyruvate after glycolysis

Hexokinase

Enzyme that traps glucose in the cell

Cytoplasm

Glycolysis occurs in which cell part?

Glucose → G6P (Hexokinase)
F6P → F-1,6-BP (PFK-1)

Steps in glycolysis wherein ATP is used

G3P → 1,3-BPG

Reaction wherein 2 NADH are released

1,3-BPG → 3-PG (Phosphoglycerate kinase)
PEP → Pyruvate (Pyruvate kinase)

Reactions wherein 2 ATPs are released

Pyruvate translocase

Enzyme that transports pyruvate from cytosol into mitochondrion

Decarboxylation

Reaction wherein 1 carboxyl group is removed from pyruvate to make a 2C derivative

Transport → Decarboxylation → Oxidation → Joining to CoA

Steps involved in the pyruvate decarboxylation link reaction

Oxidation

NAD+ to NADH

Acetyl

oxidized 2-carbon derivative of pyruvate

Vitamin B5

From what compound is Coenzyme A derived from?