Cellular Respiration

What process occurs in the cytosol of the cell?

Glycolysis

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Oxygen

What two products are formed during alcoholic fermentation?

Ethanol and carbon dioxide

How many ATP are produced from one molecule of glucose through aerobic respiration?

About 30 to 32 ATP

What is the primary site of ATP production in the mitochondria?

The inner mitochondrial membrane

What is the two-carbon molecule formed between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?

Acetyl-CoA

What is the function of ATP synthase?

Synthesizes ATP using a proton gradient

What do you call the anaerobic production of ATP from glucose?

Fermentation

What is produced during oxidative phosphorylation?

ATP and water

How many carbon dioxide molecules are produced by the complete oxidation of one glucose molecule?

Six carbon dioxide molecules

Where does the citric acid cycle occur?

In the mitochondrial matrix

What is the three-electron transport complex that does not pump protons?

Complex II (Succinate dehydrogenase)

What is the main energy source for respiration, a six-carbon molecule?

Glucose

What is the net number of ATP generated by substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis?

Two ATP

What process uses an electrochemical gradient of protons to make ATP?

Chemiosmosis

What is formed when acetate is attached to oxaloacetate?

Citrate

What is the enzyme that synthesizes ATP using a rotor mechanism called?

ATP synthase

How many ATP are produced by oxidative phosphorylation from NADH?

Three ATP

During glycolysis, glucose is converted to what?

Two pyruvate molecules

Which complexes of the electron transport chain actively transport protons?

Complexes I, III, and IV

What process is characterized by the creation of a proton motive force?

Electron transport chain

Which molecule carries electrons to the electron transport chain from glycolysis?

NADH

What occurs under anaerobic conditions in muscle cells?

Lactic acid fermentation

What is the term for the synthesis of ATP during the citric acid cycle?

Substrate-level phosphorylation

What ion is also known as a hydrogen ion?

Proton

How many ATP are made from each NADH during oxidative phosphorylation?

Three ATP

What type of respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen?

Aerobic respiration

Which proton pump contributes to the electrochemical gradient?

ATP synthase

What is the function of the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Location of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase

Which two products are formed during the citric acid cycle?

NADH and FADH2

How many ATP are produced during one turn of the citric acid cycle by substrate level phosphorylation?

One ATP

What is the main role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?

To transport electrons to the electron transport chain.