AQA Psychology A-level - Psychopathology

Flashcards covering definitions and concepts related to Psychopathology in AQA Psychology A-level.

Statistical infrequency

A definition of abnormality implying that a disorder is abnormal if its frequency is more than two standard deviations away from the mean incidence rates on a bell curve.

Failure to function adequately

A definition proposed by Rosenhan and Seligman suggesting individuals are considered abnormal if their mental state prevents them from leading a 'normal' life.

Deviation from social norms

A definition suggesting that 'abnormal' behavior strays away from societal norms specific to a culture.

Deviation from ideal mental health

A definition proposed by Jahoda which focuses on what constitutes an ideal mental state, including self-actualization and accurate self-perception.

Phobias

A type of anxiety disorder characterized by panic, avoidance, and endurance in relation to specific stimuli.

Cognitive distortions

Imprecise perceptions leading to irrational beliefs about threats, typical of individuals with phobias.

Behavioral Approach to phobias

An explanation suggesting phobias are developed through classical conditioning and maintained through operant conditioning.

Systematic desensitization

A behavioral therapy designed to reduce phobic anxiety through gradual exposure to the phobic stimulus.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

A therapeutic approach that aims to identify and challenge irrational thoughts, replacing them with healthier thought patterns.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

A type of medication used in treating OCD, which increases serotonin levels in the brain by preventing its reuptake.

Diathesis-stress model

A theory suggesting that a combination of genetic vulnerability and environmental stressors contributes to the development of disorders like OCD.

Negatively reinforced avoidance behavior

A behavior maintained by the reduction of anxiety through avoiding the phobic stimulus.

Cognitive triad

Cognitive distortions focusing on negative perceptions of the self, the future, and the world as proposed by Beck.

Rational emotive behavior therapy

A therapy that identifies and challenges patients' irrational beliefs through logical arguments.

Cognitive vulnerability

A predisposition to develop depression due to negative self-schemas and maladaptive information processing.

Hoarding disorder

A condition characterized by excessive accumulation of items, often linked to specific genetic variations.