Unit 1, Chapter 2 Pre-Columbian America and the Arrival of the Spanish

chattel slavery

A bondage system where a slave has the legal status of property so can be bought and sold like property.

encomienda

A grant of Indian labor in Spanish America given in the 16th century by Spanish kings to prominent men.

Casta system

A hierarchical system of racial classification developed by colonial elites in Latin America to sense complex patterns of racial mixing.

Columbian Exchange

Massive global exchange of living things, including people, animals, plants, and diseases, between Eastern and Western hemispheres.

mercantilism

System of political economy based on government regulation.

Joint-stock corporation

A financial organization devised by English merchants in 1550 that facilitated colonization of North America.

House of Burgesses

Organ of government in colonial Virginia made up of an assembly of representatives elected by the colony's inhabitants.

Royal colony

In the English system, a royal colony was chartered by the crown.

Headright system

System of land distribution pioneered in Virginia and used in several other colonies, that granted land to anyone who paid passage of new arrivals.

Indentured servitude

System in which workers contracted for service for a specified period.

Pilgrims

One of the first Protestant groups to come to America, seeking separation from the Church of England.

Puritans

Dissenters from the Church of England who wanted a genuine reformation sought by Henry VIII.

toleration

The allowance of different religious practices.

Town meeting

System of local government in New England in which all heads of households met regularly to elect selectmen, levy local taxes, and regulate markets.

Metacomet's War

King Philip's War, pitted a coalition of Native Americans led by the Wampanoag leader Metacom against the New England colonies in 1672.

Pueblo Revolt

Pope's Rebellion, the revolt in 1680; an uprising of 46 Native Americans against the Spanish rule.

Lord Baltimore

Title held by George Calvert, the 1st proprietary governor of the Maryland colony (Founded 1634).

John Winthrop

Puritan leader and Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony from 1588 to 1649.

Roger Williams

Separatist leader and the founder of the colony of Providence Plantation, which became Rhode Island.

Anne Hutchinson

Puritan who organized and led meetings to discuss the weekly sermons.