Loopholes Logic Reasoning CH1 - CH 2

optional elements

optional elements

specifiers, can be taken out and make grammatical sense

core elements

needed to make grammatical sense (verb + noun)

commas

something on either side is an optional element

steps to translate stimulus

1. recognizing clusters

2. Commas

3. translate in parts

4. translate everything

Specifiers

who, after, since, for, by if, as, in, around, because, on, between, which, of, until, although, in addition to, while, that,

What does CLIR stand for

Controversy, Loophole, Inference, Resolution

debate > controversy

Argument > loophole

premise set > inference

paradox > resolution

argument

premise + conclusion and examine the relationship between the two

premise

supports the conclusion (evidence)

conclusion

relies on premise (claim)

premise indicators

because, far, since, as, given that

conclusion indicators

therefore, accordingly, consequently, so, thus, hence, it follows that

valid conclusion

must be true, presented as part of the argument

interlocking

point of similarity

inferences

a valid conclusion you draw yourself, not inside an argument

loopholes

bring attention to specific situations where the conclusion falls apart

intermediate conclusion

claim to support the main claim and helps prove it, still needs suppor

nested claim

someone besides the author makes a claim, A description of how someone believes something

hybrid augment

when the stimulus is only premise and nested claim, you then critique (find support) for the nested claim