Lecture 1: Terms, Planes, Language of anatomy, Histology of tissues – Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from Lecture 1 notes.

Anatomy

The study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another.

Physiology

The study of the function of the body's structural machinery.

Gross anatomy

The study of large structures visible to the naked eye.

Regional anatomy

Gross anatomy studied by specific region of the body (e.g., abdomen, leg). (Type of gross anatomy)

Systemic anatomy

Gross anatomy studied by body system. (Type of gross anatomy)

Surface anatomy

Study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin. (Type of gross anatomy)

Microscopic anatomy

Study of structures that require magnification to be seen.

Cytology

Study of the cell. (Type of microscopic anatomy)

Histology

Study of tissues. (Type of microscopic anatomy)

Developmental anatomy

Traces structural changes throughout life.

Embryology

Developmental changes before birth. (Type of developmental anatomy)

Pathological anatomy

Study of structural changes caused by disease. (Specialized branch of anatomy)

Radiographic anatomy

Study of internal structures visualized by X-ray. (Specialized branch of anatomy)

Molecular biology

Study of anatomical structures at a subcellular level. (Specialized branch of anatomy)

Principle of Complementarity

Function reflects structure; form and function are interdependent.

Chemical/Physical level

Atoms form molecules; molecules form macromolecules.

Cellular level

made of molecules and organelles.;The basic units of life

Tissue level

consist of similar types of cells that perform a common function

Organ level

made up of different tissue types that perform specific functions.

Organ system level

consist of different organs that work together to perform a common set of tasks.

Organismal level

made up of many organ systems.

Atoms

The basic units of matter that form molecules.

Molecules

Two or more atoms bonded together.

Macromolecules

Large, complex molecules (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids).

Standard Anatomical Position

Body is upright, feet together, arms at sides, palms facing forward, thumbs away from the body.

Superior

Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above.

Inferior

Toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below.

Anterior

Toward the front of the body; in front of.

Posterior

Toward the back of the body; behind.

Medial

Toward the midline of the body.

Lateral

Away from the midline; toward the outer side.

Intermediate

Between a more medial and a more lateral structure. Ex: The collarbone is intermediate between the beastbone and shoulder

Proximal

Closer to the origin of a body part or the point of attachment.

Distal

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment.

Superficial

Toward or at the body surface.(closer to skin)

Deep

Away from the body surface; more internal.

Axial

Head, neck, and trunk

Appendicular

Appendages or limbs

Sagittal plane

Divides the body into right and left parts.

Midsagittal or medial plane

Sagittal plane that runs dire tly down the midline of the body

Parasagittal plane

Sagittal planes that are uneven (don’t cute directly in the middle of the body)

Frontal/Coronal plane

divides the body into anterior and posterior parts (front and back parts)

Transverse/horizontal plane

divides the body into superior and inferior parts(upper body & lower body)

Oblique section plane

Cuts made diagonally

Dorsal (posterior) cavity

protects the nervous system, and is divided into two subdivisions

Cranial Cavity

within the skull and encases the brain (type of dorsal cavity)

Vertebral cavity

runs within the vertebral column and encases the spinal cord (ttype of dorsal cavity)

Ventral (anterior) cavity

houses the internal organs (viscera), and is divided into two subdivisions:abdominopelvic & thoracic (seperated by diaphragm)

Parts of the Thoracic cavity

Pleural cavities – each houses a lung
§ Mediastinum – contains the pericardial cavity, and
surrounds the remaining thoracic organs
(“interpleural space”): trachea, thymus, great
vessels
§ Pericardial cavity – encloses the heart

Subdivisions of the Abdominopelvic cavity

Abdominal cavity – contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and other organs

Pelvic cavity – lies within the pelvis and contains the bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

Ventral Cavity Membranes

§ Parietal serosa lines internal body walls

§ Visceral serosa covers the internal organs

§ Serous fluid separates the serosae

Abdominopelvic Regions & the organs in each one

Abdominal cavity – contains the stomach,
intestines, spleen, liver, and other organs

Pelvic cavity – lies within the pelvis and contains
the bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum