Peds Lec 3: Righting, Protective Extension and Equilibrium

the Moro reflex is a ____ or _____ reflex.

brainstem, midbrain

midbrain is responsible for:

righting and protective extension reactions

corctical region is responsible for:

equilibrium reactions, volitional movement and “will”

posture

attitude of position of the body

posture has 3 main function

maintain alignment, anticipate change, react to unexpected pertubations

control of posture is ______.

balance

postural control

how the CNS, sensory systems and muscoloskeletal system produce muscular strategies to regulate the relationship between the COM/COG and BOS

what are the 3 types of postural control?

static, reactive, anticipatory

static control

ensures stability by maintaining COM/COG within the BOS

reactive support

supporting unexpected movement of the COM/COG within or outside the BOS

feedback

triggered by sensory input to initiate motor output

feedforward

used to maintain posture in a predictable manner when initiating a movement ex: activating mms before we reach for something which we have done before.

does feedback or feedforward develop first?

feedback

what component of sensory organization dominates for the first 3 years?

visual

somatosensory is a combination of _____ and _____

tactile, proprioception

vestibular system fxn in sensory organization

resolves conflict between visual and somatosensoty input

what is the primary input for adults?

somatosensory

as a child develops somatosensory, in what direction do theylearn to use information?

proximal to distal

the eye-head stabilization is important because the head contains what sensory receptors for postural control?

eyes and labyrinths

why do babies have trouble with their balance?

babies are top heavy, which makes their center of gravity higher

motor coordination

ability to coordinate mm activation in a sequence that preserves posture

predictive central set/postural readiness

anticipatory cues, preparation for movement

environmental adaptation

movement performance is modified due to a change in environmental conditions or task demand (internally or externally perceived needs)

righting reaction

response made to orient the head in space or to restore body segments to a normal alignment in relation to other segments or gravity

T/F: righting reactions integrate at about 9 months.

F: they persist through life

visual is responsible for _____ righting

optical

vesitbular is responsible for _____ righting

labrynthine

somatosensory is responsible for ____ and _____ righting.

proprioceptive, tactile

vertical righting reaction

orients the head to vertical when positioned or tilted in different directions.

in prone the vertical righting reaction is to:

lift head. about 1.5 - 4 months old

vertical righting reaction in supine

head lifting off surface (present by 5 months)

testing vertical righting reactions: position, stimulus, procedure, response

P; vertical suspension

S: visual, somatosensory, vestibular

PR: tilt slowly (speed = force) in all directions!!

R: head orients to horizontal in response to gravity

can you test optical and labrinthine in true isolation?

optical no but labrinthine yes!

Landau reaction: position, stimulus, procedure, response

P: horizontal suspension, (prone suspension)

S: vestibular

PR: elicit response with gentle raising and lowering

R: midline extension from head to pelvis in an upward concavity

what age will you see the landau reaction?

between 3-19 months. older children will be able to choose wether or not to respond to this

what brainstem level reflex must be integrated for Landau to develop?

TLR Prone, moroe reflex

rotational righting reactions

restore body segments to normal alignment about the body axis following rotation of a body segment

neck on body

moving neck, causing a reaction on body

Neck on body response should occur after _____ months

0-6

neonatal neck on body uses a _____ roll, and occurs at ______ months.

log, 0-6

body on the head

moving body, causing reaction on head

body righting on the body

moving body, recation on body

describe what should happen during a body righting on the body procedure?

segmental rolling (pelvis aligns with shoulders or vice-versa) in response to rotation of a body segment

protective reactions are from what part of the brain?

midbrain

protective reactions (aka parachute reactions)

extension movements of extremities, generally in the same direction of a displacing force.

bilateral, anterior UE protective extension: position, stimulus, procedure, response

P: horizontal or vertical suspension

S: vestibular

Pr: move quickly in a downward, forward direction (head first)

R: shoulders flex, slight abduction, elbows and wrists extend, taking weight on “impact“

clinical significance of the parachute reflex in children with cerebral palsy?

it would be absent or abnormal

lower extremity protective extension: position, stimulus, procedure, response

P: vertical suspension

S: vestibular

PR: move quickly in a downward direction toward the floor (feet first)

R: hips abduct, knees extend, taking weight on “impact”

equilibrium reaction

ability to preserve an upright posture during body movements or against gravity and environmental forces. (change in surface, pertubations)

during an equilibrium reaction, COM/COG is maintained ______ the BOS

within

equilbrium is a state of ____

balance.

during a protective reaction, when the COM/COG has been shifted past the limits of stability, beyond the BOS, the extremity . . . . “ . . “

creates a NEW BOS

static balance

ability to maintain body posture while the relative positions of the COG and BOS are unchanged and unchallenged (sitting, standing)

dynamic balance

maintain body posture while COG and BOS are changing or being challeneged (walking)

equilibrium reaction testing: lateral direction

COG is kept or brought back over the BOS

need to finish lecture in class.