COPD
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Last updated 4:33 AM on 7/27/26
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284 Terms
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COPD
慢性阻塞性肺疾病；以持续性、不可逆气流受限为特征的慢性肺病
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Obstructive lung disease
阻塞性肺疾病
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Chronic bronchitis
慢性支气管炎；连续2年每年至少3个月慢性咳嗽咳痰
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Emphysema
肺气肿；肺泡永久扩大并伴肺泡壁破坏
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Bronchiectasis
支气管扩张症；支气管永久扩张导致反复感染和咳痰
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Aetiology
病因
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Pathophysiology
病理生理
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Morbidity
患病率
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Mortality
死亡率
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Incidence
发病率
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Susceptibility
易感性
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Male predominance
男性患病较多
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Quality of life
生活质量
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Exacerbation
COPD急性加重
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Dyspnoea
呼吸困难
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Progressive dyspnoea
进行性呼吸困难
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Exertional dyspnoea
活动后呼吸困难
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Dyspnoea at rest
静息时呼吸困难
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Air hunger
吸不到气的感觉
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Chest tightness
胸闷
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Chronic cough
慢性咳嗽
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Productive cough
咳痰性咳嗽
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Unproductive cough
干咳
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Sputum production
咳痰
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Sputum retention
痰液潴留
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Purulent sputum
脓痰
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Wheeze
哮鸣音
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Wheezing
喘鸣
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Chest heaviness
胸部沉重感
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Fatigue
疲劳
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Weight loss
体重下降
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Anorexia
食欲减退
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Cyanosis
发绀
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Polycythaemia
红细胞增多症
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Chronic hypoxaemia
慢性低氧血症
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Smoking
吸烟
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Cigarette smoking
香烟吸烟
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Passive smoking
被动吸烟
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Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
环境烟草烟雾
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Air pollution
空气污染
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Biomass fuel
生物燃料
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Occupational exposure
职业暴露
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Dust exposure
粉尘暴露
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Chemical exposure
化学物质暴露
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Vapours
蒸汽
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Fumes
烟雾
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Irritants
刺激物
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Genetics
遗传因素
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Ageing
老化
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Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT)
α1抗胰蛋白酶
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Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
α1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症
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Serum protein
血清蛋白
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Protease
蛋白酶
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Antiprotease
抗蛋白酶
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Protease-antiprotease imbalance
蛋白酶-抗蛋白酶失衡
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S allele
AAT异常S基因
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Z allele
AAT异常Z基因
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Autosomal recessive
常染色体隐性遗传
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Respiratory mucosa
呼吸道黏膜
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Nasopharynx
鼻咽部
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Tongue
舌
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Vocal cords
声带
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Hoarseness
声音嘶哑
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Bronchus
支气管
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Bronchioles
细支气管
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Bronchospasm
支气管痉挛
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Cilia
纤毛
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Cilia paralysis
纤毛麻痹
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Mucous gland
黏液腺
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Hyperplasia
增生
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Hypertrophy
肥大
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Alveolar macrophage
肺泡巨噬细胞
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Macrophage
巨噬细胞
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Neutrophil
中性粒细胞
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Lymphocyte
淋巴细胞
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CD8+ T lymphocyte
CD8+T淋巴细胞
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Eosinophil
嗜酸性粒细胞
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Mast cell
肥大细胞
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Inflammatory process
炎症过程
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Chronic inflammation
慢性炎症
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Inflammatory mediator
炎症介质
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Leukotriene
白三烯
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Cytokine
细胞因子
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Pro-inflammatory cytokine
促炎细胞因子
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Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)
肿瘤坏死因子
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Oxidant
氧化剂
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Oxidative stress
氧化应激
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Free radical
自由基
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Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
活性氧
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Defence mechanism
防御机制
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Repair process
修复过程
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Structural change
结构改变
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Lung parenchyma
肺实质
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Respiratory bronchiole
呼吸性细支气管
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Terminal bronchiole
终末细支气管
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Alveolus
肺泡
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Alveolar wall
肺泡壁
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Alveolar wall destruction
肺泡壁破坏
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Alveolar attachment
肺泡附着结构
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Connective tissue
结缔组织