Erik Erikson and Development - Key Terms (Flashcards)

Vocabulary flashcards covering Erikson's psychosocial stages, physiological development, self-concept, and self-regulation concepts from the notes.

Trust vs Mistrust (Stage 1: Infancy, 0-1 year)

First psychosocial stage; question: 'Can I trust the world?' Outcome: Trust in caregivers/world (+) or fear/suspicion (−); Virtue: Hope.

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (Stage 2: Early Childhood, 1-3 years)

Second stage; 'Can I do things myself or must I rely on others?' Outcome: Confidence/independence (+) or self-doubt/dependence (−); Virtue: Will.

Initiative vs Guilt (Stage 3: Play age, 3-6 years)

Third stage; 'Is it okay for me to do things?' Outcome: Initiative/leadership (+) or guilt/inhibition (−); Virtue: Purpose.

Industry vs Inferiority (Stage 4: Elementary, 7-11 years)

Stage; 'Can I make it in the world of people and things?' Outcome: Competence/achievement (+) or inferiority/failure (−); Virtue: Competence.

Identity vs Role Confusion (Stage 5: Adolescence, 12-18 years)

Stage; 'Who am I and where am I going?' Outcome: Strong sense of identity (+) or confusion about self/future (−); Virtue: Fidelity.

Intimacy vs Isolation (Stage 6: Early adulthood, 19-29 years)

Stage; 'Can I love and be loved?' Outcome: Deep relationships (+) or loneliness/isolation (−); Virtue: Love.

Generativity vs Stagnation (Stage 7: Middle age, 30-64 years)

Stage; 'Can I make my life count?' Outcome: Productivity/caring (+) or unproductive/disconnected (−).

Ego Integrity vs Despair (Stage 8: Old age, 65+ years)

Stage; 'Was my life meaningful?' Outcome: Wisdom/satisfaction (+) or regret/bitterness (−); Virtue: Wisdom.

Physiological Development

Physical growth and biological changes (adolescence): increased muscle mass/strength, broadening of shoulders/chest, growth of facial/body hair, deepening voice.

Protective Factors

Factors that support healthy development, such as physical advocates, health care, and good sleep.

Risk Factor

A characteristic that increases the likelihood of negative outcomes; example: substance abuse.

Social roles and identity formation

Process of forming personal identity, building intimate relationships, gaining independence from parents, and establishing vocational/career goals.

Regulation of emotions and self understanding

Increased ability to manage emotions; development of empathy and self-awareness; growth in moral reasoning and decision making.

Internal Influences

Influences that originate within the person: personal beliefs/values, self-talk, emotions, choices/actions, physical and mental health.

External Influences

Influences from outside: family, friends/peers, media/society, experiences.

Self-concept

Understanding of who you are as a person; how you see yourself; influenced by appearance, traits, social roles; overall sense of self-worth; includes ideal-self and empathy/self-awareness.

Self-image

How you see yourself.

Self-esteem

Overall sense of self-worth or personal value.

Ideal-self

Who you want to be.

Empathy/self-awareness

Ability to understand others and be aware of one's own thoughts and feelings.

Internal Influences on self-concept

Influences from within: personal beliefs/values, self-talk, emotions, choices/actions, health.

External Influences on self-concept

Influences from outside: family, friends/peers, media/society, experiences.

Self-regulation

The ability to manage your emotions, thoughts and behaviours to achieve goals.

Three components of Self-regulation

Emotional (managing emotions), Behavioral (managing actions), Cognitive (problem solving).

Emotional control

Ability to regulate emotional responses.

Impulse control

Ability to resist impulses and urges.

Focus and attention

Ability to maintain concentration on tasks.

Goal-directed behaviour

Setting and pursuing specific goals with purposeful action.

Self-motivation

Inner drive to persist and achieve goals.